The paper both compares productivity of Russian firms that have foreign direct investments with productivity of fully domestically owned firms and analyses spillovers from foreign-owned firms to domestic firms. Foreign firms are found to be more productive than domestic ones, but productivity of the former is negatively affected by slow progress of reforms in the regions where they operate. It is also found that there are positive spillovers from foreign-owned firms to domestic firms in the same industry, but negative effects on domestic firms that are vertically related to foreign-owned firms. The stock of human capital in regions where foreign firms operate is one of the factors which help domestic firms to benefit from the entry of foreign firms.JEL classifications: F2, O3.

The purpose of the article is to study the features of heart rate regulation in the pre-competitive period, depending on personal characteristics. Materials and methods: qualified and highly qualified athletes of various specializations (n = 50) participated in the study. The parameters of autonomic regulation were evaluated using the method of heart rate variability (HRV), carried out under pre-competitive stress conditions before city, regional and national competitions. The experiment was conducted according to the following scheme: the first measurement-recording HRV and personal characteristics on the day of rest (relative physiological rest), the second measurement-one hour before competitions (stress). The personal characteristics of the athletes were determined using the 16PF Cattell's questionnaire (form C) and the Spielberger's Test Anxiety Inventory. Results: the paper shows two types of HRV response to precompetitive stress in athletes, depending on the initial status of the body. The correlations between the personal characteristics of athletes with HRV indicators in the precompetitive period are established. Conclusion The personal characteristics of athletes participate in the formation of the specifics of the response of autonomic regulation to cardiac activity in the pre-competitive period.