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Rice Straw is one of the most important materials that has been used for pulp and paper production due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. However, the pulping and papermaking characteristics of the mixture of rice straw and used paper have rarely been investigated. In this experiment, delignified rice straw was mixed with used paper in order to make recycle papers with acceptable properties. Soda pulping process was carried out to remove out of lignin. The delignification was designed to measure the effects in terms of sodium hydroxide concentration and temperature, on the cellulose and lignin content of rice straw, and its tensile strength and water absorption. The mass ratio of used paper and rice straw was varied and its physical properties was observed and compared to paper from natural rice straw. The delignification was conducted using NaOH concentrations (4-10% w/w) and temperatures (60-90°C) for 1 hour. The ratio of rice straw to used paper was varied (1:1-1:9). An optimum condition was obtained from rice straw delignification at NaOH concentration of 8% and temperature of 90°C. The results of the optimum condition obtained the highest amount of cellulose content and tensile strength while having the lowest amount of lignin content and water absorption.

Wood fiber derived cellulose has been mainly used as the raw material in the papermaking. However, currently the paper production capacity is greater than the availability of wood. To overcome this problem, there have been many attempts to use non-wood fibers as substitutes for papermaking such as the fibrous materials derived from agriculture wastes. In this research, the paper was made from sugarcane bagasse which was previously delignified using soda process. The research was conducted by varying NaOH concentrations of 8-16%, delignification temperatures of 60-100 o C and times of 30-150 min. The aim of the research was to study the effect of delignification process on physical properties of sugarcane baggase soda pulping. The results showed the increase in tensile strengths as the NaOH concentrations increased. Tensile strength was increasing up to optimum temperature and time and then decreased. The water uptake results showed the opposite tendencies with those of tensile strength. The optimum condition was achieved at the NaOH concentration of 10 %, delignification temperature of 80 o C, and time of 90 min. Tensile strength and water uptake achieved at this optimum condition were 27.42 N/mm 2 and 240 g/m 2 , respectively.

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The demand of tissue papers is increasing with the population increase. This will definitely increase the need of wood fibers as the main raw material. However, due to the wood shortages, there have been many attempts to use nonwood fibers as substitutes for papermaking. In Indonesia, corn production has gradually increased for the last 5 years, hence it also has an impact on the raising in the amount of corn husk waste. Corn husk has a high cellulose content which suitable to be used as a raw material for tissue papermaking. In this experiment, soda pulping process was conducted to remove out lignin. The resulting tissue paper will be added with additives that have antimicrobial properties of chitosan and mangosteen peel for the purpose of increasing the tensile strength or absorption of water. The aim of this research is to study the effect of depending variables (temperature and NaOH concentration) on chemical composition (cellulose and lignin content), and physical properties including water absorption and tensile strength.The research was started with the initial process of removing the lignin content in the pulp by pretreating delignification using the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) process with several variations in concentration (4-10%), and temperature (60-90°C) for 1.5 hours. To obtain tissue with a good physical condition, it has been influenced by the optimum chemical composition containing high cellulose and low lignin content, high tensile strength and water absorption. The optimum conditions for tissue paper in this study were at 90°C and 4% of NaOH concentration. The next step will be to vary the composition of the additive in order to obtain the effect of physical properties (tensile strength and water absorption).