The purpose of this study is to identify the problems of protecting human rights and freedoms during armed conflicts based on the analysis of existing international legal and national acts, including their features in Ukraine. As one of the main methods of analysis, comparative analysis is used, which compares the Ukrainian practice of implementing the human rights protection system with the legal framework for regulating the object of research in some countries and at the international level, and analyses international humanitarian law and international human rights law. It is noted that international humanitarian law plays a significant role in the observance and regulation of human rights during armed conflicts. The study describes the international acts of humanitarian law and its main differences from international human rights law. The study analyses the protection of human rights within the framework of international human rights law and within the framework of international humanitarian law, and provides a retrospective analysis of their development. According to the comparative analysis results, it is concluded that the vast majority of modern armed conflicts are not of an international nature; therefore, the specific features of protecting human rights in these conditions are determined. The study analyses the establishment of legal regulation and its changes from the very beginning of the armed conflict in Ukraine and the state of human rights protection

The article presents possible forms of realisation of human freedom in its relations with the state, in particular, through legal regulation of the general permit type. The purpose of the article is to study this type of regulation based on the case law of the Supreme Court in Ukraine, as one of the most effective bodies in ensuring proper balance of interests of the individual and the state, which forms the methodological basis of human rights protection mechanism. The methodological approaches used are anthroposocial – to establish the essential basis of general regulatory regulation, which is associated with self-expression of the individual within the existing legal order, and axiological – to ensure the value nature of law. The general permissive basis of interaction between a person and the state has been identified, which is conditioned by the legislative consolidation of their relations under the scheme “everything that is not prohibited by law is allowed”. This general permitting basis was analysed on the basis of acts of the Supreme Court, which allowed to identify direct and indirect objectification of general permits as the basis of the studied type of regulation. It is proposed to link direct objectification with the fixation in the decisions of the Supreme Court of the full permit structure (“everything is possible except”) or its elements – the main limiters of the general permit (legal prohibitions and legal obligations). It is established that the function of the objectifier of general permission is performed by special legal permits, which are addressed to individuals and are reflected in the concepts of “subjective right” and “legitimate interest”. Indirect objectification is stated through special permits, which are reflected in the construction “allowed directly provided by law.” In this aspect, the issue of state discretion was further developed