Background and Study Aim. The physical activity level of students is closely associated with ecological, hygienic, and socioeconomic facts. This is especially true during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has dramatically reduced the student opportunity to engage in regular physical activity. The purpose of the work is to study the influence of the weekly physical exercises on the indicators of biological age of students of higher education institutions of Ukraine. Material and Methods. The study involved 409 students (182 boys and 227 girls), who were divided into experimental (87 boys and 117 girls) and control (95 boys and 110 girls) groups. The biological age (BA) of students was determined by means of Voitenko’s method using biomarkers of their physical status. Indices of the cardiovascular system (pulse, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure); respiratory system (vital capacity, the Hench and Stange test); central nervous system (static balancing); PHSA (personal health self-assessment) were studied. In addition, a questionnaire-based survey of students on their health self-assessment including 27 questions was carried out. Statistica 13.5 statistical software package was used to process the experimental material. Methods of variation statistics, correlation, and regression analysis were used. The coefficients of the Student t-test and Fisher’s F-test were calculated.     Results. In the process of pedagogical experiment, the positive impact of the author’s physical education program on BA of students of the experimental group (EG) was revealed: in boys, the positive dynamics of BA changes was detected already after four additional hours of performing exercises per week, whereas in girls – after six or more hours. The most pronounced changes in physical state, which determined BA decrease during academic year were noted in students with a weekly motor regime exceeding 6 hours.  In boys of EG, the biological age decreased at the end of the experiment by 11,1 years (p < 0,001), whereas in girls – by 5,3 years (p < 0,001). No positive changes of BA were observed at the end of the experiment in students of the control group (CG), whose weekly regime of motor activity constituted 2 hours. In boys of EG, the decrease of BA is manifested after four additional hours of performing physical exercises per week, whereas in girls – after six or more hours. The most pronounced changes in BA indices during the academic year were noted in students of the experimental group with weekly motor regime exceeding 6 hours. Conclusions. The developed mathematical models are recommended to be used for estimating, modelling, and predicting the biological age of students according to informative indices of physical state.

Background and Study Aim. The objective of the work is to study the key factors of highly skilled wrestler fitness structure determining the level of their functional state and physical work capacity at the stage of maximum realization of individual capacities. Material and methods. 45 highly skilled wrestlers aged 19-27 years, members of the national teams of Ukraine in freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling were examined. 27 athletes of student age (19-24 years-old), among them were 23 students and postgraduate. Instrumental research methods were used to record indices of functional fitness (FF) and physical work capacity of wrestlers while performing a specialized test with throws of a partner and a block of testing physical loads on a bicycle ergometer. Results. It was revealed that among factors determining the structure of wrestlers' fitness, the integral factor of FF general level (31.13% of the total variance) has the greatest impact on the variability of physical work capacity indices of athletes. Increase in skill level of wrestlers is associated with decreased time of performing throws in a specialized test, increased relative values of lactate power, O2-debt, general level of FF, O2 consumption per 1 kg of body mass. Improvement of wrestler FF structure along with an increase in their skill level is characterized by higher contribution of FF integral parameters (anaerobic power, mobility of physiological reactions, FF general level) to the manifestation of physical work capacity. It was revealed that the general level of FF of wrestlers is characterized by the following ratio of key factors (relative to model values of elite athletes): anaerobic power - 52.6 ± 4.9%, aerobic power - 52.8 ± 4,1%, mobility - 80.4 ± 5.3%, economy - 43.3 ± 3.0%. In the course of studies, mathematical models of the key factors of wrestler FF structure associations with the level of special work capacity, skill level and weight category have been developed. Modeling allowed to specify the criteria and develop scales for assessing special physical work capacity level, differentiated according to skill level and weight category groups of highly skilled wrestlers. Conclusions. The findings reflect the crucial role of anaerobic energy supply mechanisms in the manifestation of high special work capacity in wrestling. Improvement of wrestler FF structure along with the increase of their skills is characterized by a decrease in the number of key functional parameters determining the level of physical work capacity during testing with loads that model specific activity of highly skilled wrestlers. This, along with body functions economization, is one of the important criteria for improving FF structure of the combat athletes.

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Objective: determination of criteria for assessing functional reserves and reliability of voluntary movement control system under various conditions of muscular activities. Material: Students aged 17-19 and athletes aged18-27 and specialised in various sports events participated in different studies. At Physical Education classes, female students were engaged in a programme aimed at improving the reliability and reserving the control system of local and regional movements of different coordination complexity. Athletes – cyclists, wrestlers, weightlifters, shooters performed specialised movements of different coordination complexity in the process of adaptation to specific physical loads in each sports event. The quality of motor regulation demonstrated by cyclists, weightlifters and wrestlers was analysed according to muscular activities, intermuscular relationships during muscular performance manifestation in the process of cyclic and acyclic loads, whereas shooters performed it according to the result of shooting at a target. Results: It has been revealed that in the process of a long-term adaptation to various types of muscular activities, the reserves of the movement control system representing different coordination structure are characterized by: an increase in the power of compensatory rearrangements to maintain the motor function reliability in complicated conditions of motor regulation and, in particular, during functional deprivation of the key sensory systems, maximum activation of physiological systems in the process of muscular activity and compensated phase of developed fatigue. The most prominent changes occur in movements, in the control of which the highest levels of regulation are involved. In movements regulated at lower motor levels, the shifts are less significant. Such movements are more stable, programmatic and harder subjected to change by means of physical exercises. Conclusions: The key criteria for the reserve capacities of the movement control system are as follows: power, efficiency and interchangeability of compensatory responses and mechanisms ensuring the reliability of movement control under the influence of distorting factors and fatigue; speed of transition to programme mechanism of motor regulation in the process of improvement under stable functioning conditions; manifestation of the "afferentation narrowing" principle in the sensory control of movements under stable functioning conditions.

The task of this work was to formulate the properties of the body structure of the Poles representatives in the pole vault. The analysis covered 5 athletes of the Polish national team representing other sports clubs. Anthropometric measurements were made on them unanimously with the standard rules. An anthropometer, a large and a small bow caliper and a metric tape were used. Twenty-five parameters were measured, and the indicators were calculated on their basis, which define the universal structure of the human body. The importance of these features was schematized and on their basis a body profile of pole vaulters was created. Distance from the zero line communicated about disproportions in body build between the control team and the group the reference created by students from the Lodz University of Technology. The greatest importance The statistics showed: the length of the upper limb, the height of the human body, the width of the shoulders and the circumference of the arm and forearm. The method of Perkal (1953) transformed by Micelerowa (1956) was a success. They distinguished the length, thickness and degreasing factors. The length element became the most representative for athletes, the body fat factor continued, and the fat factor became negative value. The central building code for the athletes was agreed. With the help of correlation, the relationship between the somatic structure was analysed athletes who practice pole vault, and their sports stage. The study showed that most of the features correlate with sports performance.