The article presents the result of the analysis of factors that presumably affect the eating behavior of young people. The study involved 197 students of the Saratov State Law Academy of 1–2 courses of study. The study of the eating behavior of young people was carried out using an adapted questionnaire, which includes questions about the nature of the diet, the mode and frequency of food intake, the frequency of consumption of foods saturated with fiber, as well as junk food (sweets, fast food, sweet carbonated drinks, instant products, semi-finished products). The following factors were selected as factors presumably capable of influencing the eating behavior of the study participants: satisfaction of study participants with their own weight; the level of material well-being of young people; regular exercise; the frequency of psycho-emotional stress; awareness of students about the rules of eating behavior; intrafamily microclimate; subjective assessment of the eating behavior of the parents of the study participants. The data obtained indicate a high prevalence of eating disorders among young people, as evidenced by the frequency of eating disorders, insufficient frequency of food intake (less than 3 times a day), the frequency of eating unhealthy foods, rare consumption of foods saturated with fiber. The established correlations may indicate a positive influence on the eating behavior of such factors as a high level of material well-being, sports, adherence to the correct eating behavior of the parents of the study participants. At the same time, a high frequency of psychoemotional stress, as well as frequent intra-family conflicts, can have a negative impact. Thus, the results obtained indicate the need for an integrated approach in solving the problem associated with the high prevalence of eating disorders among young people, which is based on various factors.

Цель исследования -оценка риска формирования бронхолегочной патологии у работников производства синтетического полиакрилонитрильного волокна в результате воздействия вредных химических веществ и употребления курительной табачной продукции. Материал и методы. В ходе периодического медицинского осмотра изучены функция внешнего дыхания и приверженность к курению у 137 работников, проанализированы медицинские карты (учетная форма № 025/у). Гигиеническую оценку условий труда проводили на основе результатов натурных санитарно-гигиенических исследований. Результаты и их обсуждение. В результате гигиенической оценки условий труда установлено, что работники, занятые в производстве полиакрилонитрильного волокна, подвержены комбинированному интермиттирующему воздействию вредных химических веществ 1-3 классов опасности (акрилонитрила, метилакрилата, гидроцианида, аммиака, роданистого натрия, серной кислоты, метанола, изопропилового спирта, этиленгликоля), содержание которых в рабочей зоне превышало предельно допустимые концентрации в 1,6 % проб. Профессиональный риск развития бронхолегочных заболеваний в группах курящих работников оценен как неприемлемо высокий, при этом у лиц, подвергающихся воздействию вредных химических веществ, он в 28,46 раза выше, чем у лиц, которые не подвергаются данным воздействиям. Риск формирования вентиляционных нарушений в группах курящих работников чрезвычайно велик, при этом у работающих в условиях воздействия вредных химических веществ он в 2,46 раза выше, чем у неработающих в таких условиях. В группах работников, подвергающихся воздействию вредных химических веществ, профессиональный риск развития обструктивных нарушений имеет неприемлемо высокое значение, в группе курящих риск в 2,32 раза больше, чем у некурящих. Заключение. Результаты исследования демонстрируют, что у работников предприятия по производству синтетического полиакрилонитрильного волокна влияние табакокурения на риск развития бронхолегочной патологии больше, чем влияние вредных условий труда. Вместе с тем употребление курительной табачной продукции существенно повышает негативное действие химических загрязнителей.Ключевые слова: работники производства полиакрилонитрильного волокна, профессиональный риск, бронхолегочная патология, табакокурение, вредные химические вещества.Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

The relevance of the article is determined by the existence of contradictions between the need to introduce innovative technologies into the educational process at school, as an integral attribute of modern education, and the negative influence of factors on the physical and psycho-emotional state of health of students related to the use of information and communication tools (computers, phones, headphones). The goal of the study was to assess the relationship between the timing of the use of information and communication tools and the frequency of functional and psycho-emotional complaints in groups of middle and high school schoolchildren. 400 schoolchildren of the Saratov Region, the Moscow Region, Leningrad Region and the Republic of Dagestan were surveyed, who made up two groups of research: middle-school schoolchildren (grades 5–6) and high-school schoolchildren (grades 10–11 The survey was carried out by means of the standardized formalized cards which included the questions considering usage time of computers and mobile phones, complaints to a headache, hands pain, other pain and/or feeling of discomfort from visual organ and the organs of hearing, as well as a psycho-emotional state. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the STATISTICA application software program by StatSoft Inc (USA). To compare the frequencies of a binary feature, a fourfold table of absolute frequencies was constructed and the level of statistical significance for the exact Fisher’s two-tailed test criterion was determined. The study was conducted according to the requirements of bioethics, after signing informed consent statement by teenagers and their parents. The study examined the relationship between the timing of the use of information and communication tools and the frequency of complaints in groups of schoolchildren. The results of the study should be taken into account when developing and implementing preventive measures to prevent negative effects of computers and mobile devices on the body of students.

The article is devoted to the study of factors contributing to the formation of adherence to smoking in young people. The study involved 300 young people, of which 154 people are students of the Saratov College of Water Transport, Construction and Service, 146 people are students of a medical university. The study of smoking prevalence was carried out using adapted questionnaires that include questions about adherence to tobacco smoking, as well as modern alternative means of smoking (electronic cigarettes), awareness of the dangers of smoking tobacco products and electronic cigarettes. Were studied the socio-economic and psychological factors that contribute to the formation of addiction. The results of the study indicate a high prevalence of smoking among young people surveyed, while more than half of all respondents who smoke prefer alternative means of smoking. It should be noted that there is a higher prevalence of alternative means of smoking among girls compared to boys. It was found that smoking electronic cigarettes prevails among people with a higher level of material well-being. The results of studying the awareness of respondents about the dangers of tobacco smoking showed a high level of awareness of the respondents. At the same time, awareness of the dangers of alternative means of smoking is at a lower level. An analysis of the study of the reasons for starting smoking among study participants showed that persons living separately from their parents are more susceptible to smoking. According to the respondents themselves, an important role in the formation of adherence to an addiction is played by a negative example of the social environment (smoking of parents, friends, acquaintances). The correlation analysis revealed the relationship between smoking and the level of psychoemotional stress. Thus, the result of this study indicates that the high prevalence of smoking among young people is due to the impact of socioeconomic and psychological factors that must be taken into account in the fight against the formation of addiction among the younger generation. English version of the article is available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/analysis-of-the-prevalence-of-smoking-among-young-people-taking-into-account-socio-economic-and-psycho-emotional-factors/75548.html