The article presents the result of the analysis of factors that presumably affect the eating behavior of young people. The study involved 197 students of the Saratov State Law Academy of 1–2 courses of study. The study of the eating behavior of young people was carried out using an adapted questionnaire, which includes questions about the nature of the diet, the mode and frequency of food intake, the frequency of consumption of foods saturated with fiber, as well as junk food (sweets, fast food, sweet carbonated drinks, instant products, semi-finished products). The following factors were selected as factors presumably capable of influencing the eating behavior of the study participants: satisfaction of study participants with their own weight; the level of material well-being of young people; regular exercise; the frequency of psycho-emotional stress; awareness of students about the rules of eating behavior; intrafamily microclimate; subjective assessment of the eating behavior of the parents of the study participants. The data obtained indicate a high prevalence of eating disorders among young people, as evidenced by the frequency of eating disorders, insufficient frequency of food intake (less than 3 times a day), the frequency of eating unhealthy foods, rare consumption of foods saturated with fiber. The established correlations may indicate a positive influence on the eating behavior of such factors as a high level of material well-being, sports, adherence to the correct eating behavior of the parents of the study participants. At the same time, a high frequency of psychoemotional stress, as well as frequent intra-family conflicts, can have a negative impact. Thus, the results obtained indicate the need for an integrated approach in solving the problem associated with the high prevalence of eating disorders among young people, which is based on various factors.

Purpose. The relevance of the study is determined by the high incidence of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD) and the mortality of the working population. Materials and methods. As part of an observational study, morbidity and mortality due to CNCDs in the adult population of the Saratov region, the trend in the medical examination index and medical prevention activity over 2011-2020 were analyzed. Results. Analysis of trends in morbidity and mortality due to chronic NCDs for 2011-2020 showed the gain. Respiratory diseases are leading in their structure (chronic bronchitis, emphysema - an increase by 200 cases (+200%), obstructive pulmonary disease - 200 (+50%), asthma - 0 (0%)), obesity - 100 (+62,5%), diseases of the circulatory system (DCS) - 1330 (+35,5%), diseases characterized by high blood pressure - 460 (+39,3%), coronary heart disease - 750 (+98,7%) cerebrovascular diseases - 190 (+19,6%); type II diabetes - 50 (+17,8%), malignant neoplasms - 50 (+12,2%). In the structure of total mortality the share of CNSD in 2011 was 51%, neoplasms - 12,6%, and in 2020, CNSD of tumor formations amounted to 49,4% and 12,6%, respectively. Increase in deaths due to neoplasms (15,8%), CNSD (12,2%) in 2020 compared to 2011, and compared to 2019 due to diabetes mellitus (+90.8%), diseases of the respiratory system (+44,4%), CSD (+17,2%), in particular, coronary heart disease (+27,7%), cerebrovascular diseases (+2,7%), malignant neoplasms (-1,6%). Limitations. The study has regional (Saratov region) limitations. Conclusion. Primary morbidity and mortality rates reflect an unfavourable prognosis for CNCDs in the adult population of the Saratov region. This justifies the analysis of health care and the development of highly effective methods of prevention and treatment and rehabilitation measures aimed at maintaining health and extending the working longevity of the population.

Introduction. Many cardiovascular risk factors are associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which is recognized as one of the predictors of cardiovascular diseases. Considering non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to be asymptomatic for a long time, it is very important to determine the relationships between various factors involved in the formation of pathology to early detect and prevent cardiovascular diseases in people of working age. Materials and methods. As part of a cross-sectional study, the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in metalworking workers was studied. The body mass index, lipid profile indicators, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, liver ultrasound results, lipid accumulation index, physical activity were analyzed. Results. The study revealed the presence of liver steatosis in 37% of the study participants. In 19%, liver steatosis was detected with a normal body mass index with a predominance in the “elderly” group; the values of the lipid profile are statistically significantly higher in the group of people diagnosed with liver steatosis: total cholesterol (p <0.001), triglycerides (p <0.001), atherogenicity index (p <0.001); and hyperglycemia (p <0.001). The coefficient of lipid accumulation increases with age, presence of steatosis, and obesity. In the group of persons with hepatic steatosis, persons with low physical activity significantly predominate. Limitations. The study has regional (Saratov region) and occupational (workers of the metalworking industry) limitations. Conclusion. The results of the study showed a high prevalence of liver steatosis among metalworking workers, mainly in elderly men. The established interrelations of the studied cardiovascular risk factors confirm significant cardiometabolic disorders in metalworking workers, which, under conditions of additional exposure to production factors, can potentiate the development of cardiovascular diseases and their complications, cause fatal cases, including at work.

Prevention of health disorders and sexual development of society is a priority area of hygiene and preventive medicine. The introduction of information and communication technologies into the educational process is a new risk factor for the development of disorders of the musculoskeletal system in adolescents. Purpose of the study: assessment of ergonomic risk factors for the development of disorders of the musculoskeletal system in adolescents using personal electronic computers as teaching aids. Objects of research: sanitary-hygienic and ergonomic factors of learning conditions with the use of personal computers and the state of the musculoskeletal system of college students. Research in accordance with the requirements of bioethics, after signing the informed consent and their parents. The hygienic factors of the learning environment and the ergonomic characteristics of furniture (tables, work chairs) in computer science classes of the Saratov college were studied. Their assessment is given for compliance with sanitary and epidemiological requirements and anthropometric indicators of students. A questionnaire survey and physical examination of 308 adolescents were carried out to identify complaints and assess the condition of the musculoskeletal system. It has been established that the organization and ergonomic characteristics of workplaces equipped with electronic computers fully comply with hygienic and ergonomic requirements. This is the cause of postural disorders and the development of disorders of the condition of the musculoskeletal system of students. A high prevalence of clinical signs of disorders of the musculoskeletal system among adolescents was revealed. It has been established that compliance with ergonomic requirements in the organization of workplaces when using personal electronic computers is a prerequisite for the primary prevention of disorders of the musculoskeletal system in adolescents. To solve this problem, first of all, it is necessary to provide educational institutions with modern furniture that meets ergonomic requirements.

The increase in the incidence of the musculoskeletal system of non-infectious origin is one of the urgent problems, including for young people. Pronounced disorders of the musculoskeletal system structure are the harbingers of diseases related to this group. These disorders require timely detection and correction at the stage of preclinical appearance. The purpose of the study: to analyze structural disorders among the examined young people. A cross-sectional study was conducted to study the state of the musculoskeletal system in young people (111 people aged 15‑17 years). With the help of somatoscopy, the features of posture, the shape of the chest, the position of the shoulder girdle, shoulder blades, pelvis, and the shape of the feet were studied. With the help of computer stabilometry, postural stability in young people was studied. A high prevalence of functional and pathobiomechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system among the participants of the study, non-optimal indicators of the statokinesiogram were established. The high prevalence of structural disorders of the musculoskeletal system is an extremely urgent problem for young people. It requires a comprehensive approach to its solution. In order to prevent the progress of degenerative-dystrophic processes at a more mature age, early detection and correction of disorders is necessary at the stage of childhood and adolescence, during which there is an active growth of musculoskeletal system structures. The results obtained substantiate the need to form risk groups at the stage of preclinical appearances of musculoskeletal disorders and diseases in order to develop and apply comprehensive personalized rehabilitation and preventive measures, which will preserve the health and working capacity of young people in the long term.