The article presents the result of the analysis of factors that presumably affect the eating behavior of young people. The study involved 197 students of the Saratov State Law Academy of 1–2 courses of study. The study of the eating behavior of young people was carried out using an adapted questionnaire, which includes questions about the nature of the diet, the mode and frequency of food intake, the frequency of consumption of foods saturated with fiber, as well as junk food (sweets, fast food, sweet carbonated drinks, instant products, semi-finished products). The following factors were selected as factors presumably capable of influencing the eating behavior of the study participants: satisfaction of study participants with their own weight; the level of material well-being of young people; regular exercise; the frequency of psycho-emotional stress; awareness of students about the rules of eating behavior; intrafamily microclimate; subjective assessment of the eating behavior of the parents of the study participants. The data obtained indicate a high prevalence of eating disorders among young people, as evidenced by the frequency of eating disorders, insufficient frequency of food intake (less than 3 times a day), the frequency of eating unhealthy foods, rare consumption of foods saturated with fiber. The established correlations may indicate a positive influence on the eating behavior of such factors as a high level of material well-being, sports, adherence to the correct eating behavior of the parents of the study participants. At the same time, a high frequency of psychoemotional stress, as well as frequent intra-family conflicts, can have a negative impact. Thus, the results obtained indicate the need for an integrated approach in solving the problem associated with the high prevalence of eating disorders among young people, which is based on various factors.
Purpose. The relevance of the study is determined by the high incidence of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD) and the mortality of the working population. Materials and methods. As part of an observational study, morbidity and mortality due to CNCDs in the adult population of the Saratov region, the trend in the medical examination index and medical prevention activity over 2011-2020 were analyzed. Results. Analysis of trends in morbidity and mortality due to chronic NCDs for 2011-2020 showed the gain. Respiratory diseases are leading in their structure (chronic bronchitis, emphysema - an increase by 200 cases (+200%), obstructive pulmonary disease - 200 (+50%), asthma - 0 (0%)), obesity - 100 (+62,5%), diseases of the circulatory system (DCS) - 1330 (+35,5%), diseases characterized by high blood pressure - 460 (+39,3%), coronary heart disease - 750 (+98,7%) cerebrovascular diseases - 190 (+19,6%); type II diabetes - 50 (+17,8%), malignant neoplasms - 50 (+12,2%). In the structure of total mortality the share of CNSD in 2011 was 51%, neoplasms - 12,6%, and in 2020, CNSD of tumor formations amounted to 49,4% and 12,6%, respectively. Increase in deaths due to neoplasms (15,8%), CNSD (12,2%) in 2020 compared to 2011, and compared to 2019 due to diabetes mellitus (+90.8%), diseases of the respiratory system (+44,4%), CSD (+17,2%), in particular, coronary heart disease (+27,7%), cerebrovascular diseases (+2,7%), malignant neoplasms (-1,6%). Limitations. The study has regional (Saratov region) limitations. Conclusion. Primary morbidity and mortality rates reflect an unfavourable prognosis for CNCDs in the adult population of the Saratov region. This justifies the analysis of health care and the development of highly effective methods of prevention and treatment and rehabilitation measures aimed at maintaining health and extending the working longevity of the population.
Introduction. Many cardiovascular risk factors are associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which is recognized as one of the predictors of cardiovascular diseases. Considering non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to be asymptomatic for a long time, it is very important to determine the relationships between various factors involved in the formation of pathology to early detect and prevent cardiovascular diseases in people of working age. Materials and methods. As part of a cross-sectional study, the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in metalworking workers was studied. The body mass index, lipid profile indicators, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, liver ultrasound results, lipid accumulation index, physical activity were analyzed. Results. The study revealed the presence of liver steatosis in 37% of the study participants. In 19%, liver steatosis was detected with a normal body mass index with a predominance in the “elderly” group; the values of the lipid profile are statistically significantly higher in the group of people diagnosed with liver steatosis: total cholesterol (p <0.001), triglycerides (p <0.001), atherogenicity index (p <0.001); and hyperglycemia (p <0.001). The coefficient of lipid accumulation increases with age, presence of steatosis, and obesity. In the group of persons with hepatic steatosis, persons with low physical activity significantly predominate. Limitations. The study has regional (Saratov region) and occupational (workers of the metalworking industry) limitations. Conclusion. The results of the study showed a high prevalence of liver steatosis among metalworking workers, mainly in elderly men. The established interrelations of the studied cardiovascular risk factors confirm significant cardiometabolic disorders in metalworking workers, which, under conditions of additional exposure to production factors, can potentiate the development of cardiovascular diseases and their complications, cause fatal cases, including at work.
Introduction. Employees of the main occupations of metalworking production are exposed to a complex of harmful production and non-production factors contributing to the formation of bronchopulmonary pathology. The identification of priority factors leading to the development of diseases of the respiratory system is important in order to develop methods of effective prevention of bronchopulmonary diseases in employees of the metalworking industry. Materials and methods. As part of the cross-sectional study, the medical and social aspects and the health status of three hundred metalworking employees were studied. A hygienic assessment of the factors of the working environment and the labour process was carried out. The results of the study were statistically processed using the Statistica 10 software. Results. There was a discrepancy in the number of workers with an established diagnosis of bronchopulmonary disease and the number of workers complaining from the respiratory system and having physical and spirometric disorders. Workers were established to be exposed to a complex of harmful chemicals of hazard classes 1–4, having an irritating, carcinogenic, sharply directed mechanism of action on the human body (classes 2–3.2) and aerosols of predominantly fibrogenic action (class 2). The harmful chemical factor affecting metalworking employees did not have a significant effect on the formation of functional disorders of the respiratory system. The priority risk factor for the development of bronchopulmonary pathology in metalworking employees is the use of tobacco smoking products. Limitations. The study has regional (Saratov region) and occupational (metalworking employees) limitations. Conclusion. The priority risk factor for the development of bronchopulmonary pathology is the use of smoking tobacco products, and the impact of a harmful chemical factor that had an insignificant effect on the formation of functional disorders of the respiratory system of metalworking employees.
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