El pelo, uñas, glándulas sebáceas y sudoríparas conforman el sistema integral conocido como piel y sus derivados. La melanina es el pigmento que produce varios tonos y colores de la piel, el cabello y los ojos humanos. Cuando las células especiales de la piel se dañan o se enferman se ve afectada la producción de melanina. Las variaciones en la melamina pueden estar influenciadas por cambios hormonales, infecciones, ampollas, quemaduras o enfermedades, es por ello que se pretende describir los desórdenes en la pigmentación de la piel durante la presente investigación para orientar de manera general ciertos criterios de cuidados que pueden afectar a la población. La metodología utilizada se enmarca dentro de una revisión bibliográfica de tipo documental de temas planteados a nivel teórico de los desórdenes de la pigmentación de la piel descritos hasta ahora en artículos científicos, libros, tesis, guías médicas y cualquier otra información científica que se considere relevante de destacar dentro de los resultados. La técnica para la recolección de datos está constituida por materiales electrónicos apoyándose para ello en el uso de descriptores en ciencias de la salud o terminología MESH. A pesar de que la mayoría de las lesiones dermatológicas son benignas y tienen un excelente pronóstico, reconocer adecuadamente los diagnósticos diferenciales más frecuentes permite facilitar el tratamiento correcto, brindar tranquilidad al paciente y excluir la presencia de padecimientos que puedan generar complicaciones para gestionar su pronta referencia.

Diarrheal diseases constitute a public health problem in the world. In support of this, the United Nations Fund Report (UNICEF, 2017) is described, entitled: "more than 3.5 million children and people die each year as a result of diarrhea". Understand with this that, acute diarrhea is a major public health problem. It is also estimated that 70% of diarrhea originates from the ingestion of food contaminated with microbes and their toxins, in sufficient quantities to affect the health of the consumer, which is why they are recognized as foodborne diseases, which is generally due to the influence of certain risk factors, among which malnutrition by default, environmental factors, cellular immunodeficiency, early weaning and others stand out. Said in this way, diarrhea means an imminent public health problem; it has been recognized worldwide, highlighting that: its factors include: geographical, social, cultural and public services conditions; which has led to it being one of the most frequent consultations in the outpatient services, emergency and general practitioners and pediatricians' offices. Therefore, diarrhea is a gastrointestinal disease that manifests with bowel movements, three or more times a day of loose or liquid stools. Frequent stool deposition (of solid consistency) is not diarrhea, nor is stool deposition of loose and "pasty" consistency by breastfed babies. This pathology is usually a symptom of a digestive tract infection, which may be caused by various bacterial, viral and parasitic organisms; hence it is transmitted, through contaminated food or drinking water, or from one person to another as a result of poor hygiene.

Appendectomy, represents the most common emergency surgery in surgical services worldwide, this pathology is not without complications despite technological advances in surgery, anesthesiology and resuscitation, minimizing operative trauma. Its most common complication is that of the operative site (or failure to heal), followed by intra-abdominal abscesses and gastrointestinal abscesses (postoperative paralytic ileus). The causes that condition it are still poorly understood, so its determination would be important to reduce post-operative morbidity and mortality. This post-operative medical condition begins when bacteria enter the surgical site.Infections can slow the healing process and can spread to nearby tissues or organs, or to distant areas through the bloodstream. Treatment of infected wounds may include the following: Antibiotics, Abscess drainage (accumulations of pus under the skin that are produced by the infection). Opening the incision to remove the infected material. It is important to emphasize that infection of the operative site depends on many factors, among which are cited: the virulence of the causal germ, the patient's response to the infection, the skill of the surgeon, the criteria to determine that an infection exists, as well as the status of the appendix in the surgical act, noting that its frequency is lower for early appendicitis than the perforated ones. Patients who intervene with a more precarious physical condition have a worse prognosis, because they increase the possibilities of presenting postoperative complications. The frequency and severity of this condition still take human lives unnecessarily and is a topical issue due to its economic, social and scientific impact.