In the current work, a compact and modi ed hexagonal-shaped circular MIMO antenna for WLAN and 5G sub-6GHz applications is presented. The proposed MIMO antenna works in the band of 2.95 to 6.3 GHz, that covers the complete range of 5G sub: 6 GHz (N77/N78 & N79) and WLAN bands. The overall working region is obtained with isolation of greater than 15 dB. With an impedance of 50 strip line, the suggested MIMO antenna is excited using an asymmetric feeding approach. Simulated and measured results from fabricated prototypes are used to con rm the diversity and radiation performance of the proposed MIMO antenna. The diversity metric parameters ECC, DG, TARC, CCL, and MEG values demonstrate strong agreement. The construction is created on a FR4 substrate with dimensions of 20 × 34 mm 2 , 1.6 mm in height, and 4.4 as the constant. The structure has e ciency and gain values of above 83% and 0.2 to 3 dBi, respectively. IntroductionMultipath fading problems in the free space environment are reduced by a new technology in wireless communication known as the Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology. The additional features of MIMO technology are channel capacity improvement, higher data rate, quality transmission, and reliability in transmission. Now a days most electronic gadgets are portable. The users demand portable devices with high-speed data rates and quality of transmission. The MIMO technology is very much suitable for user demands. In MIMO technology number of elements are placed in a limited space, there fore high coupling is introduced between the elements. Few techniques are proposed by the researchers and also checked [1][2][3]. Day by day cellular communication is increasing rapidly. Due to its bene ts, such as increased data rates and channel capacity, 5G wireless communication is in demand. The combination of MIMO with 5G cellular systems play a tremendous role in current wireless cellular communication [4][5][6].A simple planar antenna is proposed for 5G cellular applications [7]. A CPW fed two-element MIMO antenna for dual-band applications is presented [8]. A microstrip patch antenna designed for 5G NR bands is speci ed [9]. For 5G sub: 6 GHz and WLAN applications, a differently fed recon gurable MIMO antenna is proposed [10]. Microstrip patch dipole antenna for 4G LTE and 5G NR bands is designed [11]. A two-element transparent MIMO antenna for 5G sub: 6 GHz applications is designed [12]. A semi-circular arc-shaped MIMO antenna for 5G and WLAN bands with a modi ed strip placed between them to improve the isolation is proposed [13]. For 5G, WLAN, and WiMAX bands, a triple-band MIMO antenna is constructed [14]. Array antenna for 5G cellular applications is presented [15]. A small wideband MIMO antenna for 5G and WLAN applications is designed [16]. Compact two and four-element MIMO antenna for UWB applications with loaded square patch strips is used for isolation enhancement [17]. The twoelement dual-band antenna that covers 5G N77 and N79 bands is developed [18]. Some of the most recent papers in the...

A novel compact fractal loaded two- and eight-element multiple input multiple output (MIMO) with strong diversity is designed for 5G Sub 6 GHz and WLAN applications. The suggested antenna is designed and manufactured on inexpensive FR4 dielectric material with small size of 72 mm × 72 mm × 1.6 mm (0.792λ × 0.792λ × 0.0176λ, where λ is calculated at a lower operating frequency). The proposed layout features a partially grounded, protruding T-shaped stub on the underside of the substrate and a set of fractally loaded circular patch antenna elements on the top. Four triangular slots on the substrate and a T-shaped stub on the ground are employed to produce good isolation over the intended bands. The proposed antenna has a frequency range of (3.3–6.0) GHz, making it compatible with the 5G sub-6 GHz bands and the WLAN band thanks to its high isolation of above 15 dB and good impedance matching characteristics. Good agreement is observed between the antenna results and the theory of characteristic mode analysis approach. The designed antenna is well suited for 5G sub-6 GHz and WLAN communication applications due to its low ECC (0.005), total active reflection coefficient (TARC) (−10 dB), mean effective gain (MEG) (−3 dB), and diversity gain (DG) (−10 dB), channel capacity losses (CCL) (0.05), peak gain (>2.5 dBi), radiation efficiency (>95%), and stable boresight radiation patterns.

The present work proposes a novel cow-head shaped multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna for 5G sub:6 GHz applications, which include N77/N78 (3.3-4.2 GHz/3.3-3.8 GHz) and N79 (4.4-5.0 GHz) bands. The proposed work is designed and developed on a 30×66 mm 2 size FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and loss of tangent of 0.002. The proposed design works in the region from 3.3 to 5 GHz, and an isolation above 18 dB is attained. The parametric analysis and surface current distribution are studied for the optimization of parameters, and the coupling between elements is analyzed respectively. The performance of the design is studied in terms of efficiency (≥ 91.5%), peak gain (3.1-4.6 dBi), and radiation patterns (E & H fields). The diversity parameters (ECC, DG, TARC, CCL, & MEG) are calculated and checked, the same as measured results. Then all the measured results of the fabricated prototype are compared with simulated ones, and they are in good agreement.

In the current work, a compact and modified hexagonal-shaped circular MIMO antenna for WLAN and 5G sub-6GHz applications is presented. The proposed MIMO antenna works in the band of 2.95 to 6.3 GHz, that covers the complete range of 5G sub: 6 GHz (N77/N78 & N79) and WLAN bands. The overall working region is obtained with isolation of greater than 15 dB. With an impedance of 50 strip line, the suggested MIMO antenna is excited using an asymmetric feeding approach. Simulated and measured results from fabricated prototypes are used to confirm the diversity and radiation performance of the proposed MIMO antenna. The diversity metric parameters ECC, DG, TARC, CCL, and MEG values demonstrate strong agreement. The construction is created on a FR4 substrate with dimensions of 20 × 34 mm2, 1.6 mm in height, and 4.4 as the constant. The structure has efficiency and gain values of above 83% and 0.2 to 3 dBi, respectively.