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In this study, we investigated the effect of zirconium content on lead-free barium zirconate titanate (BZT) (Ba(ZrxTi1−x)O3, with x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.08), which was prepared by the sol–gel method. A single-phase perovskite BZT was obtained under calcination and sintering conditions at 1100 °C and 1300 °C. Ferroelectric measurements revealed that the Curie temperature of BaTiO3 was 399 K, and the transition temperature decreased with increasing zirconium content. At the Curie temperature, Ba(Zr0.03Ti0.97)O3 with a dielectric constant of 19,600 showed the best performance in converting supplied mechanical vibration into electrical power. The experiments focused on piezoelectric activity at a low vibrating frequency, and the output power that dissipated from the BZT system at 15 Hz was 2.47 nW (30 MΩ). The prepared lead-free sol–gel BZT is promising for energy-harvesting applications considering that the normal frequencies of ambient vibration sources are less than 100 Hz.

The objective of the present paper is to give an insight of the fundamental properties strongly depended on the crystallizing phase, grain size, thickness, including stoichiometry of material. The subject of this work is the lead zirconate titanate [Pb(Zr,Ti)O3, PZT] with its composition located at the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) that were prepared by a solid state method [1] and a conventional sol-gel technique [2,3]. The samples prepared by the first methods are in a bulk form while the latter the multilayer. The physical property and the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the PZT samples have been discussed comparatively when the sample size decreasing from the bulk to the thin-film scale.

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