Ecological and behavioral plasticity allow marmosets, genus Callithrix, to adapt and succeed in urban areas. This research assess proximity and relationships between Wied's marmoset Callithrix kuhlii, domestic animals and residents of Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil. We collected data on the species' urban ecology and biology, since it has been little studied so far. Tools for data gathering included semi‐structured interviews, direct observations and GPS‐mapping. There were sightings within the three major districts of Ilhéus, with 37% of positive questionnaires (n = 359) for marmoset sighting at least weekly. Therefore, marmosets were considered common in this city. Most records and frequent sightings were associated with secondary forest fragments, backyards with fruit trees and mangroves. Marmosets travel among urban fragments using electrical and phone wires and crossing roads. There is a relatively small number of accidents when compared to the number of sightings, with electrocution as the most common. Visitation of marmosets to households, attracted by food provisioning, was considered frequent. People feel pity for the marmosets and lure them to their houses through food, but offered items are not always suitable. Marmoset exploration of uncommon habitats, such as mangroves, might be driven by a lack of larger forest fragments within the city.

We studied the possible existence of a new dwarf species of the monotypic genus Corythomantis, based on tadpole morphology and advertisement call characteristics of two populations from State of Bahia: Serra São José (dwarf adults) and Lages (normal adult size). We compared the tadpole morphology and the advertisement call of Corythomantis greeningi from Lages with the population of Serra São José. We did not find any differences supporting that the population of Lages could represent a new species of Corythomantis. The tadpoles show external morphological characters associated with benthonic habitats and dental formula 5–6(1)/5–8. The advertisement call is composed of one pulsed note with duration of approximately 0.30 s and dominant frequency of approximately 1.00 kHz.

The aim of this work is to assess whether there is a specific structural vegetation pattern for the wild rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus (L., 1758) that might explain its spatial distribution. The species presence was approached through logistic regression modelling based on selected descriptors of vegetation landscape structure: number of homogeneous vegetation units, their areas and diversity values and heterogeneity indexes. All variables were derived for two hunting areas within the National Park of Peneda-Gereˆs in northern Portugal. The results show the wild rabbit preference for types of vegetation cover that offer, first of all, shelter, mainly in the form of shrub cover, and secondly, vegetation cover that always displays high fragmentation or high availability of resources. This animal avoids landscapes with homogeneous and continuous vegetation cover. The results obtained are suggestive of management actions to improve the habitat in order to encourage development of the species, whose presence will also favour the threatened and endangered predators that occur in the National Park of Peneda-Gereˆs.