Introduction:We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of lycopene on renal tissue antioxidant enzymes and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene expression and serum activity in diet-induced hyperlipidaemia.Methods:Thirty-two female Wistar albino rats (200–250 g weight), 5–6 months of age, were randomly selected and divided into four groups. Group I received normal diet; group II received 24 g high fat diet/100 g of daily diet; group III received 24 g high fat diet/100 g daily diet and 200 ml of lycopene extract (twice a week) for 8 weeks; and group IV received 200 ml oral lycopene extract twice a week for 8 weeks.Results:A marked increase was observed in plasma urea and creatinine levels, serum C-reactive protein, kidney weight, tissue renal malonyldialdehyde level, ACE gene expression and serum level, while a decrease catalase level among hyperlipidaemic rats was observed. Histologically, interstitial inflammation and proliferation was seen. Lycopene supplementation significantly decreased plasma urea and creatinine, serum ACE, renal tissue malonyldialdehyde level and C-reactive protein level, while it increased tissue antioxidant enzymes level and total protein. Tissue inflammation and proliferation was improved.Conclusions:This finding suggests that supplementation of lycopene is effective for renal antioxidant enzymes, ACE gene expression and ACE serum level in hyperlipidaemic rats.

The present study investigated the in vivo neuroprotective role of Panax ginseng extract (PGE) pretreatment against transient cerebral ischemia in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Rats were randomly divided as follows: group I, control; group II, sham-operated; group III, where animals were subjected to MCAO surgery; and group IV, where animals were orally administered 10 mL PGE per day (200 mg/kg of body weight per day) for 30 d followed by MCAO induction at day 31. Following 24 h of reperfusion, blood and tissue (brain, liver, and kidney) samples were collected for biochemical and histopathological examination. Biochemical testing included lipid profile, liver enzymes, kidney function tests, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose, and total protein estimation. Tissue antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione) were assessed in brain, liver, and kidney tissues. MCAO-induced histopathological changes were also examined in the tissues. Pretreatment with PGE showed significant improvement in tissue antioxidant status in brain, liver and kidney tissues. PGE treatment maintains plasma lipid profile, liver enzymes, kidney function, and CRP, LDH, and glucose levels. Histologically, monocytes and macrophage infiltration were observed in the tissues of MCAO animals, whereas PGE treatment preserved tissue architecture and minimal monocyte infiltration. PGE supplementation showed a neuroprotective effect against ischemia–reperfusion injury by effectively increasing endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity.

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Background: Developing countries encounter a change in lifestyle, which establish novel risk factors for cardiovascular disease, leading to an explosion in cardiovascular disease risk all through the developing nations. Dietary therapies and physical activity are the first lines of treatment in hyperlipidemia, and several dietary components with such effects have been identified. This study is intended to assess the potential of Salvia Rosmarinus (SR) leaves powder consumption on diet-induced hyperlipidemia. The main objective of this study is to show that plant products could be equivalent to the available medicines. Methodology: In this experimental study, 4 to 5 weeks old mice were used with an average weight of 200 gm. Baseline values of all parameters were observed & animals were administered an atherogenic diet for two weeks. 0.11 gm/day rosemary leaves powder was fed by these hypercholesterolemic rats for another two weeks. At the end of the experimental duration, blood samples were collected and evaluated for alterations in plasma lipid profile, glucose, liver enzymes and kidney biomarkers. Results: According to the research results, oral supplementation of 0.11 gm/day rosemary effectively reduced dietary hyperlipidemia in experimental mice. Significant (p<0.05) reduction in body weights, total plasma cholesterol (TC), glucose, alkaline phosphate (ALP) and urea levels were analysed, and a non-significant decrease in triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), uric acid and creatinine was observed. Conclusion:It is concluded that Rosemary can be utilized beneficially for primary prevention trials of cardiovascular disease, but of course, further investigations are required to find out an effective dose of rosemary.

Background: Type I diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome manifested with chronic hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin secretion. Hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus has been associated with the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) along with inflammatory mediators. There is no allopathic cure for T1DM; therefore, novel strategies for cost-effective plant origin treatments are needed to be formulated with fewer side effects. The research aims to analyze the potential effects of Moringa oleifera (MO) seed oil, tracking certain biochemical markers and antioxidant enzymes in Alloxan induced diabetic rats. Methodology: Eighteen male Wistar rats having weights of 180-220 g were distributed into 3 groups (n=6). Group I: served as Control group, Group II: served as Alloxan treated and Group III: served as Alloxan + MO treated. Diabetes was induced via intraperitoneally administered Alloxan dissolved in 0.9 % NaCl solution (120 mg/kg body weight). In group III, rats were also given 1.5 ml/kg body weight of MO seed oil daily from 4th day of Alloxan administration. The rats were decapitated just after the 21st day for biochemical and antioxidant assessments. Results: Treatment with MO seed oil has shown a significant decrease (p<0.05) in plasma glucose, serum urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. In contrast, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were not-significant (p>0.05) as compared with untreated control groups. Insulin and total protein levels had a significant increase (p<0.05) in Alloxan+MO treated group compared to the Alloxan treated group. Also, the antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly increased (p<0.05), whereas catalase (CAT) activity was not-significant (p>0.05) in Alloxan+MO treated group as compared with Alloxan treated group. Conclusion: Our study showed that MO seed oil is a potent anti-oxidative hypoglycemic agent capable of improving other clinical conditions related to either oxidative stress or diabetes mellitus, such as the hepatic, renal and pancreatic functions.