The purpose of the study is to describe an analysis of children’s song characteristics Titounis. This study used a musicological approach to recognize songs’ characteristics. The data collection were document study and, listen and take note. This study used a content analysis technique. The analysis cover three aspects: (1) songs’ analysis, (2) instruments’ analysis, (3) Onomatopoeia. The songs that were analyzed were (1) Petit Escargot, (2) Le Roues de l Autobus, (3) Les Chiffres, (4) Un kilometer en Roulant. In the song analysis, the patterns used were general patterns, using fun and cheerful vocals, strong tonal stress, relatively limited variations in tones, slow, fast, and gradual tempo. The delivery style invites singing as well as dialogue or interaction. Then in musical instruments, the melody variations of each instrument form harmonization, the use of non-musical instruments emphasizes the theme of the song and provides the experience of hearing about the environment. The onomatopoeic analysis shows sound vroom (car), pataboum (jumping passengers), bip-bip-bip (serine), suisse-suisse (wiper). The onomatopoeia of Titounis songs serves to strengthen the song’s theme.
<p class="Abstract">In the course of the written production, the teacher gives tasks for the <span style="font-size: 1rem;">students to practice their skill. The cultural contexts of tasks </span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">presented in FLE methods are sometimes far from the learner’s </span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">imagination. To reduce the problem of cultural xenicity, it is necessary </span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">for a teacher to modify these spots in order to encourage the learner </span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">to produce. To produce texts that represent the advanced level, the </span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">student must be directed in order to express ideas logically. In this </span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">context, the cognitive approach seems appropriate to apply in the </span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">course of written production. This article details the adaptation of the </span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">tasks of the written production of the cultural context of the French </span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">language to that of the language of the learner and also describes the </span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">application of the cognitive approach in the learning of the </span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">competence of the written production at the advanced level.</span></p>
Dans le processus d’apprentissage du français, la plupart des élèves lisent le texte français sans comprendre le sens. Pour surmonter ce problème, la méthode brainstorming peut être appliqué pour que les élèves soient plus actifs et comprennent le contenu du texte. La méthode brainstorming oblige les élèves à donner leurs opinions afin que l’apprentissage ne soit pas dominé par des élèves intelligents. L’objectif de cette recherche est de décrire l’efficacité de l’apprentissage du français en utilisant la méthode brainstorming pour la compréhension écrite du texte descriptif pour la classe X au lycée 2 Magelang. C’est une recherche expérimentale, utilisant pre-test et post-test. Les échantillons dans cette recherche sont les élèves dans la classe X IPA 3 et X IPA 4. La technique d’échantillonnage est random sampling, pour collecter les données j’ai utilisé la documentation et le test. Cette recherche a utilisé la validité du contenu. J’ai utilisé la formule de KR 21 pour assurer la fiabilité de résultat. Je les ai analysés en utilisant de t-test. Cette recherche montre que l’utilisation de la méthode brainstorming est efficace pour la compétence de compréhension écrite du texte descriptif français pour les élèves à la classe X au lycée 2 Magelang. Le résultat de t-test montre une différence significative que tcalcul = 8.86 plus grand de ttab = 2.05. C'est-à-dire que l’apprentissage avec la méthode brainstorming est efficace pour améliorer la capacité de la compréhension écrite du texte descriptif français. In the process of French language learning, most of the students are only able to spell French text, without understanding its meaning. To overcome this problem, can be applied the brainstorming method to encourage students to be more active in understanding the content of the text. The brainstorming method requires students to argue, therefore learning is not only dominated by students who are good at it. The purpose of this research is to describe whether learning French using brainstorming method as learning method in reading descriptive text of the X grade students at SMA N 2 Magelang is effective or not. This research is an experimental research with pre-test and post-test. The population in this research is the students in Class X IPA SMA N 2 Magelang. The respondents in this study are students in X IPA 3 and X IPA 4. To collect the data is documentation and test. This research uses the content validity. Level of trust instrument is measured by the formula KR 21. The data was analyzed using the formula t-test. In addition, to know the material that understood by the students the data was analyzed using the formula effect size. This research shows that the brainstorming learning method is effective for descriptive text Reading Skills of 10th grade students of SMA N 2 Magelang. The results of the t-test shows a significant difference that tvalue more than ttable, the result is 8.6 more than 1.07. Therefore, learning by using brainstorming method is effective to improve reading skills of descriptive text in French.
RÉSUMÉ. Cette recherche présente une étude des représentations de 20 étudiants indonésiens de Master 2 et de doctorat, qui sont en programme de collaboration entre une indonésienne et une université française. Nous nous sommes intéressés à leurs représentations de la pratique de la langue française et leur perception des interactions avec des locuteurs natifs et dans l’environnement exolingue. Les données sont collectées de l’enquête distribuée par courriel. L’analyse des données est basée sur les théories de représentation sociale des langues et de l’apprentissage. Le résultat montre que les compétences et les connaissances linguistiques du public de cette recherche se développent grâce à l’interaction exolingue. Pour ce public, il est nécessaire de rajouter le nombre d’heures pour l’apprentissage et la pratique linguistique dans la formation initiale de FLE car la classe de FLE est l’endroit principal où ils communiquent avec leur enseignant qui est, pour eux, un interlocuteur compétent de langue cible. Mots-clés : connaissance et compétence linguistique, interaction, langue, représentations, se développer. ABSTRACT. This study discusses the use of French language among 20 Indonesian master students and PhD students who join the collaboration program between a university in Indonesia and in France. The study aims to describe their representations in using French language, and their perception on interacting with native speakers and with “exoling” environment as well. The data is collected by distributing questionnaire via email. The data analysis is formulated using the theories of social representation of languages and learning. The result shows that the students’ language skills and knowledge develop through the “exoling” interaction. For this students, it is necessary to add the number of hours of French class (FLE training) and to increase the frequency of linguistic practice during the class, since it appears to be the main place where they communicate with their teacher, who is, for them, a competent interlocutor of the target language. Keywords: interaction, language, linguistics knowledge’s and skills, representations, develop.
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