In today's society not only facial esthetics have become important, but also the information on ways to correct adult orthodontic problems is readily available. Subsequently, increasing number of adults seek orthodontic treatment merely to change their facial appearance. In general, these adult patients exhibit such a severe skeletal deformity that it is noticeable even by non-experts. The nature of these adult deformities is such that the only promising treatment is the combined orthodontic-surgical approach. A stable and functional occlusion with a physiologic position for the condyle is the common goal of orthodontic treatment. In patients with skeletal deformities, however, improvement of facial esthetics takes paramount importance. They judge the success of treatment by extraoral appearance. Accordingly, the clinician must assess both the dental and facial appearance, and then inform the patient of different treatment possibilities. In this scenario, patient's input into the decision making process is critical for a mutually satisfactory result. This clinical report describes a concept of systematic approach to treatment of Class II deformities with skeletal deep bite and short lower face (short-face syndrome). This approach emphasizes the soft tissue analysis.

The results showed that bonded retainers had a negative impact on the damping properties of the periodontal tissue and thus in the broader sense on tooth mobility. Tooth mobility decreased with the number of teeth to which the retainer was bonded but remained, as in the control group, within the physiologic range.

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Traumatic dental injury (TDI) in school children has become a serious dental public health problem in developing and developed countries. Worldwide research clearly shows that the prevalence of TDI is increasing.

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