In an effort to clarify the species diversity of onchidiid slugs, the taxonomy of the genus Onchidium Buchannan, 1800 is revised using an integrative approach. New, fresh specimens were collected in a large number of places, including type localities. The genus Onchidium is redefined here as a clade including only three species which are strongly supported by both morphological and molecular data. All three species were already named: the type species Onchidium typhae Buchannan, 1800, Onchidium stuxbergi (Westerlund, 1883), and Onchidium reevesii (J.E. Gray, 1850). With the exception of a re-description of Onchidium typhae published in 1869, all three species are re-described here for the first time. First-hand observations on the color variation of live animals in their natural habitat are provided. The anatomy of each species is described. Important nomenclatural issues are addressed. In particular, Labella Starobogatov, 1976 is regarded as a junior synonym of Onchidium and Labella ajuthiae (Labbé, 1935) and Onchidium nigrum (Plate, 1893) are regarded as junior synonyms of Onchidium stuxbergi. The nomenclatural status of several other species names is discussed as well. Many new records are provided across South-East Asia and precise ranges of geographic distributions are provided for the genus Onchidium and its three species. Distinctive features that help distinguish the genus Onchidium from other onchidiids are provided, as well as an identification key for the three species.

Vietnamese mangroves are among the most productive & biologically important ecosystems of the world; providing habitat/nursing grounds for commercial & non-commercial fish species, food, medicine, building materials/fuel for local communities, as well as carbon storage (blue carbon) & coastal protection from storm events. However, Vietnam's mangroves have been lost in recent decades (~38%) or degraded, predominantly driven by herbicides during the Vietnam War and later by conversion to aquaculture and coastal development, although there has been a recent slowing of this degradation as a result of restoration and protection schemes. In this review article, the current state of mangrove ecosystems in Vietnam, their evolution and restoration efforts are discussed in detail as well as highlighting challenges to management and rehabilitation schemes. Further discussion includes the socio-2 economic benefits derived from mangroves in Vietnam as well as recent developments in research with reference to major mangrove forests (Can Gio, Ca Mau and Red River Delta) in the country. Special attention is given to recent studies using remote sensing techniques, including advantages and future challenges, in mangrove research focussing on Vietnamese mangroves. The impacts of climate change are discussed and evaluated with a particular focus on sea level rise and changes to sediment budgets as a result of the increase in hydropower station on major river course.

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