Elephant grass is available continuously and in abundance, but has only been utilized as animal feed, and is sometimes regarded as a nuisance. However, elephant grass contains cellulose, glucose and starch that can be utilized as raw materials for ethanol production. The concentration of ethanol obtained from a study on the production of bioethanol from elephant grass was between 7-11%. To improve the purity of the ethanol, a batch distillation separation process was performed.  In the study of bioethanol production from elephant grass, a hydrolysis process was performed at the following fixed condition 30 oC temperature, 7 liter of water, 1 hour of hydrolysis time, while the following variables were changed fermentation period of 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 days, and starter concentration of 8, 10, and 12%. From the bioethanol production study, the following best condition was obtained: 200 gram of grass, 10% Saccharomyces cerevisiae starter for 6 days. This condition produced 27.71% ethanol, with a 8.09% residual glucose. To obtain a higher purity ethanol product, a subsequent separation using batch distillation was performed, resulting in 90-95% ethanol. Therefore, elephant grass can be used as an alternative raw material for bioethanol production.Keywords: bioethanol, fermentation, hydrolysis, elephant grass Abstrak Ketersediaan rumput gajah dapat diperoleh secara kontinu dan melimpah, seringkali hanya digunakan sebagai makanan ternak, dan terkadang rumput gajah juga dianggap sebagai tanaman pengganggu. Rumput gajah mempunyai kadar selulosa, glukosa, pati yang dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu bahan penghasil etanol. Kadar etanol yang diperoleh dari kajian produksi bioetanol dari rumput gajah antara 7-11%. Untuk meningkatkan kemurnian kadar etanol dilakukan pemisahan menggunakan distilasi batch. Dalam penelitian kajian produksi bioetanol dari rumput gajah dilakukan proses hidrolisis pada kondisi tetap suhu 30 oC, air 7 liter, waktu hidrolisis 1 jam, dan kondisi berubah yaitu berat rumput gajah 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, dan 300 gram, volume larutan HCl 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 mL. Kemudian dilanjutkan proses fermentasi pada kondisi tetap suhu 30 oC, pH 4,5, volume fermentasi 500 mL dan kondisi berubah yaitu waktu fermentasi 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 hari, dan starter 8, 10, dan 12%. Dari penelitian kajian produksi bioetanol dari rumput gajah diperoleh hasil terbaik  yaitu: berat rumput gajah 200 gram, starter Saccharomyces cerevisiae 10% selama 6 hari, menghasilkan etanol sebesar 27,71% dan kadar glukosa sisa 8,09%. Untuk memperoleh produk etanol yang lebih murni dilakukan proses pemisahan lanjutan dengan distilasi batch, setelah dilakukan pemisahan lanjut diperoleh kadar etanol 90–95%, sehingga  rumput gajah dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku alternatif pembuatan bioetanol.Kata Kunci: bioetanol, fermentasi, hidrolisis, rumput gajah.

ABSTRACT:The process of distillation in either a batch distillation or flash distillation each have positions and disadvantages, and the areas of batch distillation that have high columns can be synchronized with some the stage more than one phases, and flash distillation have tall columns that matched equally to one step. The advantages of flash distillation have a shorter distillation time versus batch distillation, distillation bioethanol yield on flash batch distillation more than it is. This research aims to get purer bioethanol, more amount of bioethanol as well as shorter time. Bamboo contains cellulose and high glucose, reduce the amount of lignin and pentose with pretreatment and lignification process, filtrate glucose produced in the fermentation using enzymes. From the process of fermentation obtained bioethanol with 15%, then conducted the process of distillation, with variable timing and temperature. Bioethanol achieved with the levels of approximately 95%, of the process of batch distillation bioethanol yield obtained is smaller, longer time and higher levels of the flash distillation process, obtained yield bioethanol larger, shorter time and the lower levels.

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The increase in plastic production worldwide has created quite a serious environmental problem. Edible film is an alternative packaging that can decompose naturally, one of the materials that can be used to make edible films is starch. This study aims to determine the composition of corn cob starch and plasticizers that can produce edible films with the best properties. The starch used is derived from corn cobs and the plasticizers used are glycerol and sorbitol. The edible film in this study was made by the casting method by dispersing the raw materials, heating the mixture, printing the edible film and drying the edible film. This research was conducted with variations in the corncob of 5, 6 and 7 in grams and the variation of the ratio of glycerol to sorbitol plasticizer is 2:8; 3:7; 5:5; 7:3; 8:2 (ml). The more starch content increases the thickness of the edible film and tensile strength, but the elongation and water vapor permeability decreases, the best edible film is obtained at the glycerol-sorbitol composition ratio of 5:5 with the amount of corncob starch of 7 grams.

Glucose needs each year has increased significantly while glucose production has decreased, this is because supplies of the raw materials limited, where bamboo is one of the raw material alternatives to glucose. The selection of bamboo plants based on levels of cellulose which ranges from 42.4%-53.6%, bamboo plants are plants that can grow quickly and easily grown in various regions in Indonesia. The production of glucose from bamboo using hydrolysis and pretreatment process, in the hydrolysis process of the microcontroller equipped Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) type Arduino UNO, the application of microcontrollers PID using the Fuzzy method and simulation language Delphi programming. Research results in the form of the temperature profile, levels of cellulose hydrolysis time function, and the function time of the hydrolysis of glucose levels. At the time of the detailed set point temperature profile 97 0 C, at an early stage shows the result of the PID process control with fault temperature below ten 0 C, the temperature as measured 94,696 0 C, hydrolysis time 20 seconds. As time went on the hydrolysis process control, PID shows the temperature measured is 96.59 0 C, at 137 seconds, measured temperature shows 97 0 C following the temperature set point, used as a basis to design tools in the process of hydrolysis. Optimization of cellulose levels function hydrolysis time is 18.7% and the optimization of the hydrolysis time function of glucose levels is 23,6%. Process design with the production of glucose from bamboo with hydrolysis equipped microcontroller control PID temperature obtained the optimum levels of glucose.