ABSTRACT Ovarian cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death in Indonesia. The mechanism of cancer needs to be understood to create drugs that play a role in inhibiting the development of cancer cells. PARP is a prime protein in cancer cell development. PARP is a target of chemotherapy, namely through its inhibition by 3-aminobenzamide compounds. Treatment using natural ingredients is safer than using synthetic drugs. Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is a plant that grows in Indonesia. It is efficacious because it contains many compounds used in the manufacture of various types of drugs. The PARP receptor (3KCZ) was examined for the value of binding affinity with the flavonoid derivative ligands contained in breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) using the help of the software Pyrx version 0.8. The test results showed tamoxifen (-8 kcal/mol), quercetin (-8 kcal/mol), cyclocommunal (-9.6 kcal/mol), morusin (-6.7 kcal/mol), and cyclomulberrin (-9 kcal /mol) have a lower binding affinity value compared to 3-aminobenzamide (-6.6 kcal/mol) which is the native ligand of PARP. These results prove that the flavonoid-derived compounds in breadfruit can potentially act as PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer cells. ABSTRAK Kanker ovarium merupakan kanker penyebab kematian ketiga terbesar di Indonesia. Mekanisme kanker sangat perlu dipahami untuk menciptakan obat yang berperan menghambat perkembangan sel kanker. PARP merupakan protein yang berperan penting pada perkembangan sel kanker. PARP telah terbukti dapat menjadi target kemoterapi, yaitu melalui penghambatannya oleh senyawa 3-aminobenzamide. Pengobatan menggunakan bahan alami lebih aman dibandingkan penggunaan obat sintetis. Sukun (Artocarpus altilis) merupakan tumbuhan yang tumbuh di Indonesia yang berkhasiat karena mengandung senyawa yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam pembuatan berbagai jenis obat.  Reseptor PARP (3KCZ) dilihat nilai binding affinity dengan ligan turunan flavonoid yang terkandung pada sukun (Artocarpus altilis) menggunakan bantuan softwere pyrx versi o,8. Hasil uji menunjukkan senyawa tamoxifen (-8 kcal/mol), quercetin (-8 kcal/mol), cyclocommunal (-9,6 kcal/mol), morusin (-6,7 kcal/mol), dan cyclomulberrin (-9 kcal/mol) memiliki nilai binding affinity yang lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan 3-aminobenzamide (-6,6 kcal/mol) yang merupakan native ligan dari PARP. Hasil ini membuktikan bahwa senyawa-senyawa turunan flavonoid pada sukun dapat berpotensi sebagai inhibitor PARP pada sel kanker ovarium.

ABSTRAK Label informasi nilai gizi adalah label kemasan yang memuat daftar kandungan gizi makanan dan komponen lainnya seperti takaran saji, jumlah takaran saji, dan persen angka kecukupan gizi. Data Badan Perlindungan Konsumen Nasional (BPKN) menunjukkan bahwa hanya 7,9% konsumen yang memperhatikan dan membaca label informasi nilai gizi. Kurangnya pengetahuan tentang label informasi nilai gizi dapat memengaruhi pola konsumsi, menyebabkan kegemukan, dan obesitas. Remaja tergolong salah satu konsumen yang paling aktif dalam mengonsumsi makanan kemasan. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan remaja tentang informasi nilai gizi adalah dengan memberikan edukasi. Selain bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemampuan siswa, edukasi terkait label gizi juga bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan mengubah perilaku untuk mencapai kesehatan dan gizi yang optimal. Edukasi, pretest, dan posttest terkait informasi nilai gizi diberikan kepada 26 siswa SMAN 5 Mataram yang tergabung dalam kelompok UKS dan PMR. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan dan kemampuan membaca label informasi nilai gizi siswa meningkat setelah diberikan edukasi. Dengan demikian, pemberian edukasi ini memberikan hasil yang positif. Melalui kegiatan ini, kami berharap para siswa semakin sadar dan mampu memilih jajanan sehat untuk mencapai gizi yang optimal.   Kata kunci: remaja; makanan ringan; takaran saji; edukasi kesehatan

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels. The cause of glucose control failure is decreased insulin production by pancreatic β-cells and insulin resistance. Both lead to the obstacle of glucose uptake into cells. The mechanism of glucose uptake into cells is crucial in carbohydrate metabolism. This mechanism aims to produce energy in the form of ATP. The main signaling pathway after the process of glucose uptake is the PI3K/Akt pathway. This pathway involves many proteins activated by phosphorylation mechanisms. One of the proteins involved in this pathway is PTEN, a PI3K regulator. PTEN activity can dephosphorylate PI3K so that the insulin signaling pathway becomes blocked and glucose cannot be uptaken into cells. It causes blood glucose levels to increase. The role of PTEN in inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway seems to be a crucial matter to observe. By inhibiting PTEN activity, the insulin signaling pathway is expected to work properly. We have searched, read, analyzed, and summarized various studies regarding the potential of PTEN to reduce diabetes mellitus cases. In some research articles, the use of active compounds and therapy using stem cells to inhibit PTEN activity has shown good progress in the insulin signaling pathway. Based on these, it can be an option to make PTEN a target for diabetes mellitus therapy.

Background: Preeclampsia is one of the factors causing the high maternal mortality rate. The risk of morbidity and mortality is higher in Early Onset Preeclampsia (EOPE). Failure of spiral artery remodeling can cause oxidative stress that can inhibit placental development and increase trophoblast apoptosis. Objective: This study aims to analyze the oxidative stress and apoptosis of EOPE placentas. Methods: This study is an observational study with a cross-sectional design. A total of 31 EOPE placentas and 31 normal term placentas were used to measure the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the relative mRNA expression of FOXO3 and CASP3 using the spectrophotometric and RT-qPCR methods. Results: There was no difference in MDA concentration (p = 0.580) and FOXO3 (p = 0.467) and CASP3 (p = 0.243) mRNA expression in the normal and EOPE groups. There was a strong positive correlation between FOXO3 and CASP3 mRNA expression in the normal (p= 0.0001; r = 0.938) and EOPE groups (p = 0.0001; r = 0.855). There was no correlation between MDA concentration to FOXO3 (p = 0.124; r = 0.282) and CASP3 (p = 0.569; r = 0.106) mRNA expression in normal placenta. There was positive correlation between MDA concentration to FOXO3 (p = 0.016; r = 0.429) and CASP3 mRNA expression in EOPE placenta (p = 0.028; r = 0.395). Conclusion: These results indicate that cell integrity is still maintained through the autophagy process and the level of apoptosis in the EOPE placenta is regulated by ROS through FOXO3.