Introduction: Katuk Leaf (Sauropus androgynus L. Merr.) from Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia is a type of plant that contains chalcone which is used as an antioxidant. This study aims to formulate a gel preparation from Katuk Leaf extract using various concentrations of CMC-Na and carbopol 940, to see the stability of the physical properties of the Katuk leaf extract gel Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. Methods: Katuk Leaf Extract was obtained by percolation method using 70% ethanol as solvent. The gels were made in formulas 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 with a concentration of CMC-Na and carbopol 940 at 0:10; 1:9; 2:8; 9:1; 10:0 ratio. Antioxidant activity was tested with DPPH, observed for its physical stability including organoleptic, homogeneity, viscosity, pH dispersion, adhesion, and gel stability using the process of freeze thaw action. Results: The results showed that the concentration of carbopol 940 increased viscosity and adhesion and decreased dispersion and pH, while CMC-Na increased dispersion and pH and decreased viscosity and adhesion in the physical properties of the Katuk Leaf extract gel. Test results with IC50 extracts of Katuk Leaves at 73.815 ppm, showed that the formula 3 with a concentration of carbopol 940 and CMC-Na at 2: 8 percent by ratio, is a gel with antioxidant activity being most effective with the value of the IC50 100.814. Conclusion:So, it can be concluded that the stability of the physical properties of the gel shows the formula 3 with concentration carbopol 940 and CMC-Na at 2%: 8% gel with the best stability of physical properties.

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) implies the presence of actively multiplying organisms in the urinary tract. Although it is infrequently associated with mortality, it is still a significant cause of morbidity. UTIs are one of the most common bacterial infections in humans both in the community and hospital setting. Objective: The objectives of this research were to know antibiotic given to patients with UTI as well as to know the percentage of antibiotic sensitivity to each bacteria causing UTI in RSUD Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes Kupang during January 2013–December 2013. Methods: This was a retroprospective hospital-based study conducted in collaboration with Microbiology Department in Prof. Dr. W.Z. Yohanes Hospital, Kupang, from January 2013 to December 2013. In the prior study, it was obtained data of patients with UTI that their urine cultured in Bacteriology Laboratory, RSUD Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes Kupang. Based on data of patients which have microbe and sensitivity test result, then it would be obtained the distribution of microbe or germ type, antibiotic sensitivity, and resistance. After that, it was conducted by data analysis. Results: Among 87 respondents, 34.5% were males and 65.5% were females. The most widely used antibiotic is ciprofloxacin (98.8%). The most sensitive antibiotic is meropenem (93.98%) to the Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Enterobacteriaceae group bacteria. The most resistance antibiotic is ampicillin (87.14%). Conclusion: UTI patients are more common in women compared with men. That germ most commonly found in UTI patients is E. coli. Meropenem was sensitive to all bacterias, while ampicillin was resistance.