A series of geophysical surveys were undertaken within the PACE geophysical work package. Various methods were applied including refraction seismics, DC resistivity, ground penetrating radar (GPR), electromagnetic induction, radiometry and bottom temperature of snow cover (BTS). The focus of the surveys was to determine the internal structures and distribution of mountain permafrost. This paper gives a preliminary overview of progress. The two‐dimensional DC resistivity tomography combines the geoelectrical sounding and mapping and makes it possible to model internal structures. This method was applied at all PACE drill sites. Electromagnetic induction methods showed good results, in particular the EM‐31 for determining the permafrost distribution and the PROTEM to assess the overall permafrost thickness. A major new development discussed here is the use of passive microwave (11.4 GHz) for airborne remote measurement of the bottom temperature of snow cover (BTS). Manual BTS measurements agreed very well with the BTS determined by radiometry. To reduce ambiguity, several geophysical methods should be deployed at the same locality. As a further step, such measurements could be interpreted using joint inversions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.RÉSUMÉUne série de levés géophysiques a été réalisé dans le cadre des travaux de PACE. Différentes méthodes ont été utilisées y compris la séismique réfraction, la résistivité DC, le radar pénétrant le sol (GPR), l'induction électro‐magnétique, la radiométrie et la température à la base de la couverture nelgeuse (BTS). Le but de ces levés était de déterminer les structures internes et la distribution du pergélisol de montagne. Le présent article donne une vue générale préliminaire des progrès réalisés. La tomographie en deux dimensionns par résistivité. DC qui combine le sondage géoélectrique et la cartographie, rend possible la reconnaissance des structures internes. Cette méthode a été appliquée dans tous les sites de sondage. Les méthodes par induction électromagnétique ont donné de bons résultats, en particulier la méthode par EM‐31 pour déterminer la distribution du pergéllisol, tandis que la méthode PROTEM a été utile pour estimer l'épaisseur totale du pergélisol. Un imporant nouveau développement discuté ici est l'emploi de micro‐ondes passives (11.4 GHz) dans des mesures aéroportées de la température de la base de la converture de neige (BTS). Des mesures manuelles BTS se sont révélées bien en accord avec les données BTS obtenues par radiométrie.Pour diminuer les ambiguités, plusieurs methodes géophysiques devraient toujours être utilisées. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Since camp closure the site has become derelict, and has not been scientifically investigated. This paper reports on the search to locate the PoW escape tunnel that was dug from Hut 9. This hut remains in remarkable condition, with numerous PoW graffiti still present. Also preserved is a prisoner-constructed false wall in a shower room behind which excavated material was hidden, though the tunnel entrance itself has been concreted over. Near-surface geophysics and ground-based LiDAR were used to locate the tunnel. Mid-frequency GPR surveys were judged optimal, with magnetometry least useful due to the above-ground metal objects. Archaeological excavations discovered the intact tunnel and bed-board shoring. With Allied PoW escape camp attempts well documented, this investigation provides valuable insight into German escape efforts.

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Understanding the way humans inform themselves about their environment is pivotal in helping explain our susceptibility to stimuli and how this modulates behaviour and movement patterns. We present a new device, the Human Interfaced Personal Observation Platform (HIPOP), which is a head-mounted (typically on a hat) unit that logs magnetometry and accelerometry data at high rates and, following appropriate calibration, can be used to determine the heading and pitch of the wearer’s head. We used this device on participants visiting a botanical garden and noted that although head pitch ranged between −80° and 60°, 25% confidence limits were restricted to an arc of about 25° with a tendency for the head to be pitched down (mean head pitch ranged between −43° and 0°). Mean rates of change of head pitch varied between −0.00187°/0.1 s and 0.00187°/0.1 s, markedly slower than rates of change of head heading which varied between −0.3141°/0.1 s and 0.01263°/0.1 s although frequency distributions of both parameters showed them to be symmetrical and monomodal. Overall, there was considerable variation in both head pitch and head heading, which highlighted the role that head orientation might play in exposing people to certain features of the environment. Thus, when used in tandem with accurate position-determining systems, the HIPOP can be used to determine how the head is orientated relative to gravity and geographic North and in relation to geographic position, presenting data on how the environment is being ‘framed’ by people in relation to environmental content.

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