No abstract

The recent occurrence of severe major accidents has brought to light flaws and limitations of hazard identification (HAZID) processes performed for safety reports, as in the accidents at Toulouse (France) and Buncefield (UK), where the accident scenarios that occurred were not captured by HAZID techniques. This study focuses on this type of atypical accident scenario deviating from normal expectations. The main purpose is to analyze the examples of atypical accidents mentioned and to attempt to identify them through the application of a well-known methodology such as the bow-tie analysis. To these aims, the concept of atypical event is accurately defined. Early warnings, causes, consequences, and occurrence mechanisms of the specific events are widely studied and general failures of risk assessment, management, and governance isolated. These activities contribute to outline a set of targeted recommendations, addressing transversal common deficiencies and also demonstrating how a better management of knowledge from the study of past events can support future risk assessment processes in the identification of atypical accident scenarios. Thus, a new methodology is not suggested; rather, a specific approach coordinating a more effective use of experience and available information is described, to suggest that lessons to be learned from past accidents can be effectively translated into actions of prevention.

Current operating feedback Systems in industry show some limits as, in numerous industrial companies, thé numbers of events do not decrease anymore and as similar events seem to recur. Our assumption is that weaknesses corne from analysis methodology used. After a description of analysis methodology history, we focus on interest of applying an organisational analysis of events, familiar to scholars but not yet in industry, and we describe its main characteristics. Then we highlight rôles of analysts who are not neutral in using event analysis method, assuming that thèse rôles could be a block to progress of event analyses.

. Using a multi-criteria decision aid methodology to implement sustainable development principles within an Organization. European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, 2013, pp.603-613. 10 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Abstract:The implementation of Sustainable Development (SD) within an Organization is a difficult task.This is due to the fact that it is difficult to deal with conflicting and incommensurable aspects such as environmental, economic and social dimensions. In this paper we have used a Multi-Criteria Decision Aid (MCDA) methodology to cope with these difficulties. MCDA methodology offers the opportunity to avoid monetary valuation of the different dimensions of the SD. These dimensions are not substitutable for one another and all have a role to play. There is an abundance of possible aggregation procedures in MCDA methodology. In this paper we have proposed an innovative method to choose a suitable aggregation procedure for SD problems. Real life case studies of the implementation of an outranking approach (i.e., ELECTRE) and of a mono-criterion synthesis approach (i.e., MAUT approaches based on the Choquet integral) were done to respectively rank 22 SD strategic actions within an expertise Institute and rank 20 practical operational actions to control energy consumption of the Institute's buildings.

Encore récemment, de nombreuses catastrophes industrielles ont frappé les opinions publiques, les instances politiques et les industriels. Beaucoup se sont interrogés sur les causes possibles de tels événements et sur les moyens de les prévenir. L'enquête après accident ou post-événement est l'approche courante pour identifier les faits, leurs causes directes et leurs causes profondes, ainsi que pour définir et mettre en oeuvre des mesures correctives permettant de prévenir des événements similaires dans le futur. Les membres de l'association européenne European Safety Reliability and Data Association (ESReDA) ont constitué fin 2000 un groupe de travail relatif aux enquêtes après accident, travail qui se termine en 2008. Aussi, afin d'atteindre l'objectif d'améliorer la qualité des analyses d'accidents et du retour d'expérience, le groupe de travail s'est attelé à travailler à deux niveaux : l'un, sociétal et institutionnel, sur le thème des enquêtes publiques d'accident ; l'autre, méthodologique et managérial, sur la conduite des enquêtes après accident. Cette communication s'appuie sur les démarches du groupe de travail pour collecter, analyser et formaliser les données et résultats au travers de trois rapports publiés et de l'organisation de deux séminaires. Elle en présente une synthèse, les enseignements, les dilemmes et conflits, les challenges futurs, recommandations et des suggestions pour l'action pour les principales parties prenantes.