Over the last five decades, the university system underwent three attempts at reform aimed at improving its performance and transforming some of its characteristics. However, although these processes resulted in a quantitative expansion of the number of institutions, they did not achieve overall qualitative changes. In this paper, we aim to analyze the content of these processes in relation to the specific character of capital accumulation in Argentina. Our hypothesis is that, on the one hand, the process of capital accumulation requires that only a small fraction of workers expand their productive attributes to a range that corresponds to the completion of a university degree, while it is enough for another major fraction to make a partial advance in their careers. And, on the other hand, the consolidation of a large mass of surplus population in recent decades resulted in capital no longer requiring the same range of development of productive attributes from the generality of individuals who completed the secondary education, which was expressed in the degradation of part of that cycle. This process, however, has advanced to such an extent that the training of workers with non-degraded productive attributes does not cover the existing demand for them. Therefore, the university system also began to play the role of allowing a fraction of this population to reach or surpass this development.
En este trabajo se realiza una reconstrucción crítica de la historia de las interpretaciones de la explicación marxiana de la renta diferencial de tipo II. En ella se muestra que la interpretación actualmente hegemó-nica dentro de la teoría marxista, en contraposición a como se la suele presentar, está lejos de ser única e incontrovertible. A su lado se encuentran al menos dos interpretaciones relevantes, una de las cuales ha imperado desde las primeras lecturas de la explicación marxiana hasta fines de la década de 1970. En el curso de esta reconstrucción se presentan cada una de estas interpretaciones, el contexto histórico en el que surgieron, su difusión y los debates que han suscitado. En el caso de la interpretación actualmente imperante se analiza en particular la evidencia textual que la misma presenta como justificación de su filiación marxiana. Finalmente, se realiza un balance crítico de las distintas interpretaciones.Palabras clave: Renta de la tierra, renta diferencial de tipo II, teoría marxista, capital agrario, propiedad de la tierra. Clasificación jel: B140 abstract This paper presents a critical reconstruction of the history of interpretations of the Marxist explanation of differential rent II. We show that, in contrast to how it is commonly portrayed, the current hegemonic interpretation within Marxist theory is far from immutable and incontrovertible. Alongside it, there exist at least two relevant interpretations, one of which held sway from the first readings of Marx's explanation through the late nineteen-seventies. Each of these interpretations, as well as the historical context in which they emerged, their dissemination, and the debates they inspired, are synthetized in the course of this reconstruction. In the case of the interpretation currently in vogue, our analysis focuses in we particular on the textual evidence it cites to support its Marxist bona fides. Finally, we offer a critical assessment of the different interpretations. Keywords i. introducciónAl igual que otras secciones de El Capital de Marx, la referida a la renta de la tierra ha sido históricamente objeto de diversas interpretaciones. En la actualidad, sin embargo, no pocas veces estas interpretaciones se presentan y se desarrollan de manera completamente autónoma, como si no existiesen alternativas, o quizás peor, se omite la referencia a sus autores originales y a los debates que han suscitado, presentando como novedosos argumentos que llevan varias décadas de existencia y que ya han sido sometidos a fuertes críticas. Dejando a un lado las omisiones deliberadas, generalmente la razón de esta especie de autismo teórico suele obedecer sencillamente al desconocimiento de la historia del pensamiento económico marxista, esto es, de la evolución de las diversas interpretaciones y controversias suscitadas. En particular, pensamos que en las últimas décadas ésta ha sido la situación para el caso de la renta diferencial de tipo II (rdii). Como se advertirá tan pronto como nos introduzcamos en el análisis de los debates marxis...
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