Background: Adverse pregnancy outcomes lead to serious health consequences to the mother and/or the baby. These Adverse birth outcomes; prematurity, low birth weight and still birth represent significant problems in both developing and developed countries. Adverse pregnancy outcomes are still major public health problems in developing countries including Ethiopia where most pregnancies are unplanned, complications are many and outcomes are generally Unfavorable for both mother and infant.Objective: To identify determinants of adverse pregnancy outcomes among deliveries takes place in Jimma University specialized hospital from January1 -December 31 / 2015. Methods:The study was a facility based unmatched casecontrol study design conducted by reviewing mothers and newborn cards and registration log book who delivered in Jimma university specialized hospital from January 1 / 2015 to December 31/2015, southwest Ethiopia. The study was done on randomly selected 86 cases and 258 controls using structured data collection checklist. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 20 and multiple logistic regression statistical methods were used to identify the predictors. Result:In this study 344 mothers and newborns cards were included yielding 100% response rate. From this 86 mothers and newborn cards were selected for case group and 258 mothers and newborn cards were selected for control group. Most of the cases 80.2% and controls 82.9% were between the age group of 20-34 years. Mothers who are referred for delivery service from other area are more than five times to have adverse pregnancy outcomes than mothers who are not referred, AOR=5.49 95% CI [2.80-10.76]. And mothers who had illness during

ObjectivesTo assess the magnitude of internalised stigma and associated factors among patients with bipolar disorder attending the outpatient department of Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.DesignInstitution-based cross-sectional study design.SettingAmanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ParticipantsWe recruited about 418 participants using systematic sampling technique for an interview during the study period.MeasurementData were collected by face-to-face interviews. Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale was used to measure internalised stigma. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Oslo-3 Social Support were instruments used to assess the associated factors. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with the outcome variable. ORs with 95% CI were computed to determine the level of significance.ResultsThe magnitude of internalised stigma was 24.9% (95% CI: 21.2% to 28.9%). In the multivariate analysis, unemployed (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.3, 95% CI: 1.0 to 5.0), unable to read and write (AOR=3.3, 95% CI: 1.05 to 10.7), poor social support (AOR=5.3, 95% CI: 1.9 to 15.0), ≥4 previous hospitalisations due to bipolar disorder (AOR=2.6, 95% CI: 1.1 to 6.1) and low self-esteem (AOR=2.4, 95% CI: 1.1 to 5.1) had a significant association with internalised stigma.ConclusionsOne in four patients with bipolar disorder reported high internalised stigma. Unemployment, low educational status, low self-esteem, poor social support and being hospitalised more than three times before were significantly associated with internalised stigma. Thus, a stigma-reduction programme focusing on self-esteem improvement and psychological health of patients to increase their stigma resistance to counteracting effects of internalised stigma is essential.

Background. Internalized stigma has been found to be widespread among patients with major depressive disorder. When internalized stigma exists in patients with depression at a high level, it worsens the treatment outcome and quality of life. So the aim of the study is to assess the magnitude of internalized stigma and associated factors among outpatients with major depressive disorder at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods and Materials. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 415 respondents from May 6 to June 13, 2019. Internalized stigma was assessed by using the internalized stigma of mental illness scale. Data was entered to Epi-data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic analysis was done, and p values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant with 95% CI. Results. The prevalence of high internalized stigma among patients with major depressive disorder was 33.5% (95% CI: 29.2, 38.3). Being single (AOR=2.54, 95% CI: 1.30, 4.95), having an illness greater than or equal to 2 years of duration (AOR=3.21, 95% CI: 1.66, 6.19), history of suicidal attempt (AOR=2.33, 95% CI: 1.35, 3.99), nonadherence to treatment (AOR=2.93, 95% CI: 1.62, 5.29), poor social support (AOR=4.72, 95% CI: 2.09, 10.64), and poor quality of life (AOR=3.16, 95% CI: 1.82, 5.49) were significantly associated with high internalized stigma at p value < 0.05. Conclusion. The magnitude of internalized stigma was high among patients with major depressive disorder. Reduction of internalized stigma through antistigma campaigns and supports given to patients at the earliest possible time is important to improve treatment outcome and quality of life and minimize suicidal behavior in patients with major depressive disorder.

Introduction: Epilepsy is chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent derangement of the nervous system due to sudden excessive disorderly discharge of the cerebral neurons. People living with epilepsy continue to suffer from enacted or perceived stigma that is based on myths, misconceptions, and misunderstandings that have persisted for many years. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the community general knowledge and attitude towards epilepsy. Methods: Community based cross sectional study was conducted to assess public general knowledge and attitude towards epilepsy and its associated factors using structured pretested questionnaire. Data was entered into Epi data version 3.1 and transported to SPSS version 21 further analysis. Both Bivariable and Multivariable Logistic Regression was done to identify associated factors. Odds Ratios and their 95% Confidence interval was computed and variables with p value less than 0.05 was considered significantly associated factors. Results: 596 study participants were participated with a response rate of 98%. Among the study participants 43.6 (95% CI: 39.6, 47.5) had poor knowledge and 41.3 (95% CI: 37.4, 45.1) had unfavorable attitude. Being secondary education, marital status, witnessed seizure, and heard the term epilepsy were showed statistically significant association with poor knowledge about epilepsy. Level of education, low average monthly income, not witnessed seizure, not heard the term epilepsy and distant from health facility showed statically significant association with the unfavorable attitude. Conclusion: In this study, Debre Berhan communities were found to have deficits in terms of general knowledge and attitude about epilepsy; and it should be given due attention.

Background Epilepsy is a common condition worldwide and has been observed to affect quality of life. Epilepsy patients have a lower quality of life than the general population as well as many other chronic disease patients. However, aside from focusing on symptom reduction, no attention is paid to the quality of life of those with epilepsy. This study aims to evaluate quality of life and associated characteristics among epilepsy patients who visited North Shoa zone hospitals in Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from April -May 2021 at North Shoa zone hospitals. A systematic random sampling technique was used to get a total number of 472 samples. Data on quality of life was assessed through interviews using the World Health Organization Quality of Life—Brief (WHOQOLBREF) Version. The collected data were coded, entered into Epi Data 3.1, and analyzed by using SPSS version 25. Simple and multiple linear regression analysis models were fitted and the unstandardized β coefficient at 95% confidence interval was employed. The statistical significance was accepted at p-value <0.05. Results From a total of 472 participants the response rate was 98%. The mean score of quality of life was 57.2±12.3. Age (β=5, 95% CI: 2.301, 7.699), marital status (β=-6.914, 95%CI: -8.867, -4.961),seizure frequency (β=-.2.307, 95%CI: -4.795, .020), Anti-epileptic drug non-adherence (β=-.11.016, 95%CI: -13.642, -8.389), anxiety (β-4.062, 95%CI: (-6.503, -1.621), poor social support (β=-6.220, 95%CI: (-8.422, -4.017) and moderate social support (β=-5.58, 95%CI: -7.792, -3.368) were significantly associated with quality of life. Conclusion The mean quality of life of people living with epilepsy in this study was low. Age, marital status, seizure frequency, concomitant anxiety, antiepileptic drug non-adherence, number of anti-epileptic drugs/day, moderate and poor social support were all found to be predictors of quality of life in this study. As a suggestion, the patient treatment plan should include a quality of life assessment that addresses psychosocial concerns; professional counseling on how to cope with psychological, environmental, and social difficulties should be increased.