Purpose of the study: The state has an obligation to ensure that women obtain justice and are free from all discrimination in the criminal judicial process. Women in conflict with the law frequently feel uncomfortable when facing court proceedings in the position of suspect, victim, or witness. This paper analyzed legal considerations in the court decision of Bogor Cibinong District Court number 677/Pis.Sus/2018/PN Cbi.  Methodology: This research employed the doctrinal legal analysis methodology. This study aimed to analyze the legal protection of women in conflict with the law in the courtroom. This investigation could be a regulating juridical consideration with philosophical and conceptual approaches.  Results: The result of the consideration appeared that the criminal equity handled in court was full of ethical issues. Recently, there was the issuance of Supreme Court Regulation Number 3 of 2017 concerning Rules on the Hearing of Cases Including Women in Conflict with the Law. The Decision of Bogor Cibinong District Court Number 677/Pis.Sus/2018/PN Cbi managed a rapist of two children free from the charge of 14 years in prison for there is no witness who saw the rape. The integrated protection of women is required since they deal with the law during court proceedings and in the stages of inquiry, investigation, prosecution, and punishment.  Applications of this study: Regulation through legislation is required to protect women in conflict with the law in the criminal justice process.  Novelty/Originality of this study: In contrast to previous research, this research focused on studying how significant legal protection is for women in conflict with the law. Keywords: Legal Protection, Women, Litigation   ABSTRAK  Tujuan: Negara memiliki kewajiban untuk memastikan perempuan memperoleh keadilan dan bebas dari segala diskriminasi dalam proses peradilan pidana. Perempuan yang berkonflik dengan hukum seringkali merasa tidak nyaman ketika menghadapi proses peradilan dalam posisi sebagai tersangka, korban, atau saksi. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pertimbangan hukum dalam putusan Pengadilan Negeri Bogor Cibinong nomor 677/Pis.Sus/2018/PN Cbi.  Metodologi: Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi analisis hukum doktrinal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perlindungan hukum terhadap perempuan yang berkonflik dengan hukum di ruang sidang. Investigasi tersebut menjadi pertimbangan yuridis dengan pendekatan filosofis dan konseptual.  Hasil: Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa peradilan pidana yang ditangani di pengadilan sarat dengan persoalan etik. Baru-baru ini, telah diterbitkan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3 Tahun 2017 Tentang Pedoman Mengadili Perkara Perempuan Berhadapan dengan Hukum. Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Bogor Cibinong Nomor 677/Pis.Sus/2018/PN Cbi membebaskan pemerkosa dua anak dari dakwaan 14 tahun penjara karena tidak ada saksi yang melihat pemerkosaan tersebut. Perlindungan terpadu terhadap perempuan diperlukan karena mereka berhadapan dengan hukum selama proses peradilan dan pada tahap penyelidikan, penyidikan, penuntutan, dan hukuman.  Aplikasi penelitian ini: Pengaturan melalui peraturan perundang-undangan diperlukan untuk melindungi perempuan yang berkonflik dengan hukum dalam proses peradilan pidana.  Kebaruan/Orisinalitas: Berbeda dengan penelitian sebelumnya, penelitian ini berfokus untuk mengkaji seberapa signifikan perlindungan hukum bagi perempuan yang berkonflik dengan hukum.  Kata kunci: Perlindungan Hukum, Perempuan, Litigasi

Penelitian yang berjudul: “ Tinjauan Yuridis Tentang Kriteria Pencemaran dan Perusakan Lingkungan Menurut UU No. 32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup” ini bertujuan untuk melakukan perbandingan kriteria pencemaran dan perusakan lingkungan antara UU No. 23 Tahun 1999 dengan UU No. 32 Tahun 20/09 dan menganalisis perubahan kriteria pencemaran dan perusakan lingkungan dalam UU No. 32 Tahun 2009 sinkron dengan teori ilmu lingkungan hidup. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian normatif yaitu melakukan telaah terhadap berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan baik mengenai ketidaksinkronan, maupun masalah pertentangan peraturan perundang-undangan. Hasil dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa pertama, dari perbandingan kriteria pencemaran dan kerusakan lingkungan, versi UU No. 23 tahun 1999 dengan UU No. 32 Tahun 2009 menghasilkan suatu perbedaan dalam menentukan suatu tindak pidana. Versi UU No. 23 Tahun 1999, tindak pidana pencemaran dan perusakan lingkungan termasuk kategori delik materiel, sehingga dalam proses pembuktiannya dituntut dua hal yaitu terbukti perbuatan tersebut dilakukan oleh pelaku yang mampu bertanggungjawab dan harus pula dibuktikan perbuatan tersebut menimbulkan akibat yang dilarang oleh undang-undang. Sedangkan versi UU No. 32 Tahun 2009, tindak pidana pencemaran dan perusakan lingkungan termasuk kategori delik formal, sehingga hanya perlu dibuktikan suatu perbuatan yang dilarang saja. Kedua, diketahui kalau kriteria pencemaran dan perusakan lingkungan menurut UU No. 32 Tahun 2009 bertentangan atau tidak sinkron dengan kriteria berdasarkan teori lingkungan hidup atau kriteria secara ekologis.

The background of the research entitled "The Urgency of Public Attitudes on the Application of Online Session Rules in Criminal Cases during the Covid-19 Pandemic" is a phenomenon in society that tends to reject policies from the government, including policies related to handling Covid-19, namely large-scale social restrictions policies. . That's why this study aims to find out how the public's attitude in responding to state provisions that stipulate online criminal case trials both as the general public and defendants in criminal cases in particular. The type of research used is a sociological normative type of research, which is to examine the problem of implementing various regulations in society. The results of this study are (1). In general, the attitude of the community towards the government's policy of restricting activities in public places or facilities is that they do not comply and take them seriously. (2). The attitude of the accused towards the holding of online criminal cases shows that more people respond positively than negatively. The comparison is 8 positive response items (53.3%).

This study aims to discover the principles of law in the use of natural resources. Pemanfaatan natural resources for the development and preservation of environmental functions must not be contradictory and mutual sacrifice, even the two should be mutually supportive and running parallel. The research method used is Normative or Doctrinal Law research, namely research on Legal Principles, Concepts, and Implementation in society. The type of pure legal research is research based on the view that law is a positive norm in the national legal system of legislation. Oriented in a positivistic understanding with a doctrinal method, a statute approach, a conceptual approach. The findings of this study are that the characteristics of laws and regulations that regulate the use of natural resources already contain the principles of sustainable development. Characteristics of statutory regulations governing the use of natural resources in the future in order to guarantee the value of certainty, the value of justice, and the value of the benefit in regulating the use of natural resources according to their function.

The enactment of Law No. 41 Year 1999 emphasizes the position of protected forests as protected areas that must be maintained to provide protection for the surrounding area. Law No. 41/1999 stipulates that open-pit mining activities are prohibited in protected forest areas. However, the effectiveness of Law No. 41/1999 is questioned by the issuance of Law No. 19/2004 which still accommodates open-pit mining in protected forest areas with the argument that the law should not apply retroactively. This article uses normative legal research methods, namely normatively examining various related regulations governing the function of protected forests. The results show that the birth of Law No. 19/2004 which allows several mining entrepreneurs to carry out open-pit mining activities in protected forest areas has resulted in protected forest areas being no different from production forest areas. This can threaten the function of protected forest areas as areas that provide protection for surrounding areas from various natural disaster hazards.Keywords: Existence, Function of Protected Forest, Forestry Law