Among the varieties of barley (Hordeum sativum), barley nutans varieties have the best qualities for food processing according to state standards (GOST) 28672-90. The paper presents the results of cultivation and a comprehensive assessment of technological parameters of grain of zoned barley varieties: Acha, Abalak and Biome obtained in the conditions of the subtaiga-taiga zone of the Irkutsk region. Barley was grown according to the steam predecessor on gray forest soil with a high level of fertility according to the methodology of the state network for testing varieties in the Nizhneudinsky state site of variety testing. Grain quality assessment was carried out according to generally accepted methods in accredited laboratories. It is shown that grain quality is subject to dynamics due to changes in meteorological conditions during the cultivation of barley. In terms of nature, all varieties meet the requirements of GOST 28672-90. Grain Biome is characterized by a higher mass of 1000 grains (more than 50 g), which subsequently affects its cereal qualities. The quality of cereals in all varieties is rated as “excellent”. In terms of uniformity, cereal yield and protein content in grain, the best among the studied varieties was Biome. Thus, the cereal quality of the grain obtained in the region meets the requirements of the processing industry and is determined by the variety.

The study proves the expediency of assessing the state of heavy metals in soils by the fractional composition of soil compounds, processes and modes. An informational and energy analysis of the state of heavy metals in soils was carried out. The need for an assessment of the kinetics of their desorption from soils was substantiated. The CH3 COONH4 solution displaced 0.3 mg/l Mn from the sod-podzolic soil within 10 minutes, 0.8 mg/l Mn – within 1 hour, 3.3 mg/l Mn – within 1 day, and 12.9 mg/l – within one week; 0.18 mg/L Pb was desorbed within 10 minutes, up to 0.59 mg/l Pb was desorbed within one day. The depositing capacity of soils is an important parameter. Heavy metals in soils are bound into positively and negatively charged systems at рКН of 2-10. In the sod-podzolic soil, the content of NiLn+ was 13.3 mg/l and NiLn-- 1.9 mg/l. According to the informational assessment, heavy metals in soils are characterized by the relationship with other soil properties and change along the soil profile, which was determined from the equations of pair correlation and multiple regression. According to the energy assessment, heavy metals in soils are characterized by thermal effects of their sorption and desorption and have positively and negatively charged complex compounds and air ions

The content of mineral nitrogen was studied when it was applied at a dose of 60 kg / ha on gray forest soil of heavy particle- size distribution at various levels of phosphorus-potassium nutrition in field experiments with barley. Fertilizer doses were determined by the normative method according to the CINAS method for a planned yield of 3 t / ha. It was shown that the dynamics of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen depended on the moisture regime during the vegetation period. With excessive moisture, nitrate nitrogen, with its initial content of 4-5 mg / kg, is not detected in the arable layer by the middle of the growing season, and with a moisture deficit, less dynamism is noted. It is found in an amount of 5-7 mg / kg by the end of vegetation. The N – NH4 + dynamics turned out to be less pronounced. With an excess of moisture, its content increased to 15.6 mg / kg, and with a deficit, it decreased more than by four times from the maximum during the vegetation. In general, the content of mineral nitrogen in gray forest soil is highly dynamic, which depends on the moisture regime and the nature of its consumption by barley.

This paper discusses the chronology and cause of forest fires on the territory of the State Reserve “Olekminsky”. Forest fires on the territory of the reserve are low-level, caused by dry thunderstorms. The overgrowth of burnt areas occurs at the expense of specific groups of pyrophyte plants. For 2-3 years after the fires, Camenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop., Corydalis sibirica (L.) Pers., Plantago canescens Adams, Crepis tectorum L. and others were found. In waterlogged areas, Tephroseris palustris (L.) Reichenb appear and subsequently do not occur, and mosses: Marshantia polymorpha L., Ceratodon purpureum (Hedw.) Brid. It was found that the restoration of ground cover is mainly due to species characteristic only for intermediate stages: Lichens - Baeomyces carneus, Dibaeis baeomyces and Trapeliopsis granulosa, as well as Arctous erythrocarpa (Small) M. Ivanova, Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop., Calamagrostis obtusata Trin, Сarex spp., cereals and green mosses. More than 40 species of lichens participate in the formation of the ground cover of the studied larch forests, mainly bushy species of Cladonia, Stereocaulon, Peltigera. Forest fires of a natural nature occurring on the territory of the reserve are the main limiting factor affecting bio-resources and theirrestoration.

Soil solutions and the surface waters are characterized by properties, processes and regimes. Soil solutions of different soils and their surface water have different biological activity and change the activity of dissolved stimulants and inhibitors. The object of the study are soil solutions of the main types of soils obtained in the model experiments with the ratio of soils: water equal to 1:1 and 1: 2, soil solutions and surface water in the flooding of soils with water for 1 week – 3 months. The research method consisted in the assessment of pH, Eh, activity of K, NO3, NH4, Ca, Mg by conventional methods, assessment of concentrations of water-soluble compounds extracted from soils by ionite membranes, in the assessment of biological activity of solutions using biotests. The following is suggested for additional evaluation: the using of cation and anion membranes, determination of interrelation between the properties of waters, equation of pair correlation and multiply regression. The informative value of the gradient of surface water concentrations at different distances from the floor of the reservoir, at different depths of the overwatered soils is shown. The mobility of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn in soils and the content of their water-soluble forms depends on both pH and Eh, whose influence on the content of water-soluble forms of the considered cations shows the effects of synergy and antagonism. The rate of change in the composition of soil solutions during soil flooding depends on a combination of soil properties, temperature, and duration of flooding. Soil solutions of different soils and their surface waters have differentrates.