Chronic diseases are defined as "an impairment of bodily structure and/or function that necessitates a modification of the patient's normal life, and has persisted over an extended period of time." Globally, noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) are increasingly recognized as a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The World Health Report 2001 had indicated that

Background: In rural areas, multipurpose health workers (MPHWs) play a key role in implementing control measures and behavior change communication at community level to prevent and control mosquito-borne diseases. Objective: To assess the knowledge of MPHWs regarding mosquito-borne diseases and control measures before and after single educational interventional training. Materials and Methods: This interventional study was conducted among purposively selected 100 MPHWs of Patan district, Gujarat, India, from June to August 2014. After taking verbal consent, baseline knowledge of link workers regarding mosquito-borne diseases and mosquito control measures was assessed by predesigned, pretested, and semi-structured questionnaire. Single educational training for 45 min was given to the MPHWs and their postintervention knowledge for the same was assessed after the training. Assessment was done by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Result: Baseline knowledge of the MPHWs regarding mosquito-borne disease was 83%, which significantly increased after the training to 100%. Baseline knowledge of the health workers regarding breeding places of the mosquitoes was 89%, which significantly increased to 96% after the intervention. Baseline knowledge of the health workers regarding the indoor and outdoor measures for vector control was 4% and 39%, respectively, which significantly increased to 73% and 89%, respectively, after the intervention. Baseline knowledge of the health workers regarding the signs and symptoms of malaria, dengue, and chickungunya were 79%, 26%, and 22%, respectively, which significantly increased to 84%, 76%, and 90%, respectively, after the intervention. Conclusion: There was a significant improvement in the knowledge regarding mosquito-borne diseases and control measures of the MPHWs after our single education session. Such education interventions need to be done on a regular basis to improve their knowledge for a better control of mosquito-borne diseases.

Pregnancy is a physiological phenomenon for most women. However, some develop problems during its evolution, putting both the mother's and the conceptus' health at sake. Pregnancy-induced hypertension is one of the maternal diseases that cause the most detrimental effects to the maternal, fetal, and neonatal organisms. Pregnancy-induced hypertension is the general classification for hypertension diseases during pregnancy, which include pregnancy-induced hypertension (without proteinuria), preeclampsia (with proteinuria), and ABSTRACT Background: Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) is one of the common conditions of unknown etiology which increases risk of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To study the maternal and perinatal outcome in pregnancy induced hypertension. Methods: A prospective study was carried out from February 2014 to January 2015 in the Department of obstetrics and gynecology of GMERS medical college and hospital, Dharpur-Patan, North Gujarat, India. A total of 95 pregnant women with PIH were enrolled in the study. A pre-tested interview tool was used to collect necessary information such as detailed history, clinical examination findings and investigations performed. Results were analyzed using SPSS 17.0 (Trial Version). Results: In the present study, the overall incidence of PIH was 12.8%, which includes preeclampsia in 11.4% and eclampsia in 1.4%. Out of total 95 cases, 69 (72.6%) were emergency cases. 72 (75.7%) cases were from rural area. The most common symptoms were labour pains (48.4%) followed by eclampsia (11.5%). 51 (53.7%) women delivered normally. Eclampsia was the commonest maternal complication affecting 11.6% of cases. Out of total 95 births, perinatal deaths were occurred in 22 (23.15%) cases. Out of 22 perinatal deaths, 13 (61.2%) were still births and 9 (42.8%) were neonatal deaths. Conclusions: Pregnancy induced hypertension is a common medical disorder seen associated with pregnancy especially among young primigravidas, who remain unregistered during pregnancy. Maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality can be reduced by early recognition and institutional management.

Background: Poor health, poor nutrition and disability can be barriers to attending school and to learning.1 Schools are sacred because they provide an environment, for learning skills, and for development of intelligence that can be utilized by students to achieve their goals in life. It is also observed that "to learn effectively, children need good health." Health is key factor in school entry, as well as continued participation and attainment in school. Aims & Objective: To study health profile of children of boarding schools of Gandhinagar district. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross sectional study. After taking the permission of principal of resident schools and consent of the parents of children, 867 children from 8 boarding schools were examined for nutritional deficiencies during February-March 2011. Results: Age of the study children (total 867) ranged from 5-19 years. (Mean age = 13.80 ± 1.96 years). Out of 867, 434 (49.9%) were boys and 433 (50.1%) were girls. Vitamin A deficiency was present in 54 (6.2%) children. Vitamin B complex deficiency signs were seen in 179 (20.6%) children. Vitamin C deficiency signs were seen in 86 (9.9%) children. PEM was observed in 77 (8.9%) children. The study revealed that 46.7% girls were suffering from anaemia compare to 37.3% of boys. 122 (12.9%) children had visual impairment. Almost 22% of study population was suffering from dental caries. Wax in ears was present in 816 (94.1%) children. Conclusion: Poor personal hygiene and nutritional deficiency among these children needs great attention and health education.

Background: Primary health care through the setup of sub centre and PHCs build up the base of the health of community. Primary health care includes not only the curative care for the diseases, but also the preventive, promotive and rehabilitative care to the specified population of the defined area. Aims & Objectives: To assess the quality of facilities available at primary health care centres as per IPHS guidelines. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 14 PHCs randomly selected, 2 from 7 blocks of Rajkot district. Pretested close ended questionnaire was used. Results: The facility was assessed according to IPHS guidelines. 50% PHCs was located within the village area and 28% was within 1 KM from village. Doctor, Nurse, lab-technician and Pharmacist is available in 92%, 57%, 100% and 100% PHCs respectively. Residential facility is available in 21% of PHCs. More than 85% of Doctors, staff nurses and health worker are trained for IMNCI and ANC services. All PHCs were providing all RCH services but none of the PHC was providing MTP services. Conclusion: Incentives should be given to work at remote places and all the post of staff should be filled up as early as possible.