of −81.41 dB, and spurious-free dynamic range of 87.7 dB for a 2.5-MHz sinusoidal input of 800-mV peak-to-peak amplitude at 200-MHz sampling rate with a 1.8-V supply voltage. Consequently, the simulation results verify that the proposed switch can significantly improve the dynamic and static performances of a switched-capacitor circuit.

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This paper introduces a new technique to design an analog MOS switch to be used in sampled-data circuits. In any sampled-data system, the accuracy of the sampling switch is a critical parameter to determine the overall performance of the system. To satisfy accuracy requirements of the switch, a novel technique to reduce channel charge injection error is proposed. The proposed switch has a very simple structure and it uses a small area of the chip. Also, it has a low on-resistance and its variation over the input signal range is acceptable. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed switch, simulations are done in a 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m standard CMOS technology. Simulation results show that the sampling errors produced by the channel charge injection is eliminated through a cancellation technique using an auxiliary transistor. The output error charge due to charge injection over a wide range of the input signal variation is very low (less than 1.45[Formula: see text]fC). Also, simulation results show that the proposed switch achieves signal-to-noise plus distortion ratio (SNDR) of 85.05[Formula: see text]dB, effective number of bits (ENOB) of 13.83, total harmonic distortion (THD) of [Formula: see text]87.23[Formula: see text]dB and spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of 88.14[Formula: see text]dB for a 1[Formula: see text]MHz sinusoidal input of 800[Formula: see text]mV peak-to-peak amplitude at 50[Formula: see text]MHz sampling rate with a 1.8[Formula: see text]V supply voltage.

Background and Objective: Firefighters are at risk of mental health deterioration due to their stressful jobs, and psychological skills training plays a positive role in this regard. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of resiliency training and emotion-regulation training on the psychological well-being and self-efficacy of firefighters. Materials and Methods: This was an experimental study with a multi-group pretest-posttest control group design. In autumn 2018, forty-five Ardabil firefighters selected by simple random sampling were randomly assigned into three groups of resiliency-training (n=15), emotion-regulation-training (n=15), and control (n=15). All three groups completed the demographic questionnaire, Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale, and General Self-Efficacy Scale (​Scherer et al., 1982) in the pre-test and post-test stages. The collected data were analysed using SPSS software (version16) through the analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test. Results: Resiliency training and emotion-regulation had a significant effect on one’s psychological well-being and self-efficacy. The results of the post hoc test also indicated that the effectiveness of resiliency training and emotion-regulation on one’s self-efficacy was significantly different and resiliency training was more effective than emotion-regulation training. Conclusions: Resiliency training and emotion-regulation training were effective on the psychological well-being and self-efficacy of firefighters.

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