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BackgroundNAD (P) H/quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is a metabolizing enzyme that detoxifies chemical stressors and antioxidants. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NrF2) is an important transcriptional activator involved in the cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress.MethodsThe immunohistochemical expression of NQO1 and Nrf2 in 80 cervical, 80 endometrial and 100 ovarian specimens with different lesions was studied. Then we study the relation of both NQO1 and Nrf2 expression and clinicopathological features of carcinoma cases.ResultsImmunohistochemical stain showed that NQO1 and Nrf2 were highly expressed in carcinoma compared with normal and precancerous lesions. Significant positive correlations were found between the mean expression of NQO1 and Nrf2 in different lesions. Moreover, there was significant correlation between the high level of NQO1 and Nrf2 expression and high tumor grade in cervical and endometrial carcinoma cases. Nrf2 expression was significant with advanced stage in endometrial and ovarian carcinomas.ConclusionsNQO1 and Nrf2 might be new biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation as well as being targets for therapy in patients with tumors in female genital tract.

Introduction: Electrical injury (EI) can be defined as damage caused by generated electrical current passing through the body. Electrical injuries are an emerging health problem in developing countries due to the widespread use of electrical appliances with lack of awareness regarding safety issues among the general population. Aim of the work: The aim of this study is to detect histopathological changes in testes and to evaluate the expression of Caspase-3 in testes of electrically injured rats by non-fatal electrical current. Material and Methods: This work was done in forensic medicine and clinical toxicology department, faculty of medicine, Minia University. This study included 60 male albino rats with average weight 200-250 gm were used. This study was done to detect histopathological changes in testes and to evaluate the expression of Caspase 3 in testes of electrically injured rats by non-fatal electrical current. All animals were given free access to standard pellet chow and water prior to the experiments. All procedures were approved by the Ethical Committee of Minia University. Results: there were signicant histopathological changes in testes of the experimental animals as well as significant increase in the expression of caspase 3 among experimental groups. Conclusion: the main pathogenesis of electrical injury on testes was apoptosis and confirmed by histipathological changes and elevated caspase 3 level.