No abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the productive performance of mucuna (Mucuna pruriens), lablab (Lablab purpureus) and clitoria (Clitoria ternatea) for protein banks in Colima, Mexico, with irrigation used prior to the rainy season. Fifteen plots were allocated in a complete randomized block design with 5 replicates. Dry matter production, crude protein, calcium and phosphorus concentrations and leaf:steam ratio were evaluated. The highest dry matter production was recorded for clitoria and lablab (9.80 and 8.93 t/ha, respectively, over 240-260 days), while mucuna produced 5.5 t DM/ha in 120 days. Leaf production in clitoria (4.73 t/ha) exceeded that in lablab (3.23 t/ha) and mucuna (2.69 t/ha), while leaf:stem ratio was 0.94 for clitoria, 1.0 for mucuna and 0.58 for lablab. Crude protein concentrations in all species were high (21.7-27.8%) as were concentrations of Ca (1.17-1.64%) and P (0.38-0.67%). Use of the 3 forages is discussed. Studies in the absence of irrigation in a range of seasons would determine how relevant these findings are in those situations. Feeding studies with animals would provide additional information on which to decide the appropriate species to plant in different situations. ResumenEl objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el desempeño productivo de las leguminosas frijol terciopelo (Mucuna pruriens), lablab (Lablab purpureus) y clitoria (Clitoria ternatea) cuando se utilizan como bancos de proteína con aplicación de riego controlado después de la época de lluvias en Colima, México. Las leguminosas fueron establecidas en un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con cinco repeticiones para un total de 15 parcelas. Se midieron la producción de materia seca (MS), los contenidos (%) de proteína cruda (PC), calcio (Ca) y fósforo (P), y la relación hoja:tallo. Clitoria, 240 días después de la siembra (dds), y lablab, 260 dds, mostraron las mayores producciones de MS (9.80 y 8.93 t/ha, respectivamente); mientras que mucuna, 120 dds, produjo 5.5 t/ha de MS. La producción de hoja de clitoria (4.73 t/ha) superó a la de lablab (3.23 t/ha) y a la de mucuna (2.69 t/ha). La relación hoja:tallo fue 0.94 en clitoria, 1.0 en mucuna y 0.58 en lablab. Las especies mostraron un alto contenido de PC entre 21.7 y 27.8%, Ca (1.17 y 1.64%) y P (0.38 y 0.67%). Se discute el uso de las 3 especies y se sugieren estudios adicionales sin aplicación de riego.

En México, el sorgo se cultiva en 1.95 millones de hectáreas, sobresaliendo el estado de Tamaulipas con 48.1% donde se obtiene una producción de 2.5 millones de toneladas, que equivalen a 42% del total nacional (SIAP, 2013). Sin embargo, esta producción se considera baja debido a la presencia de sequía causada por baja precipitación (400 a 600 mm anuales) en las 614 mil hectáreas sembradas bajo condiciones de temporal. Se estima que durante el ciclo de otoño-invierno, la producción registra constantemente mermas, llegando a obtener rendimientos de grano de 1.34 t ha-1 (SIAP, 2013). Aunado a esta problemática, se tiene la presencia de enfermedades, dentro de las cuales se encuentran la pudrición carbonosa del tallo causada por Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid, el carbón de la panoja causado por Sporisorium reilianum (Khun) Langdon & Fullerton y el ergot causado por Claviceps africana Frederikson, Mantle & de Milliano. La primera es la más importante, ocasionando pérdidas de hasta 100% de la producción total cuando durante el periodo de llenado del grano se presentan sequía y altas temperaturas (Edmunds, 1964; Williams et al., 1994; Montes y Díaz, 2006).

No abstract

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is a source of sugars. In Mexico, trials have been carried out to evaluate adaptation of the crop as a potential source of biomass, sugar and ethanol. Fertilization is a factor that influences production. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of inorganic fertilization on yield and production of soluble solids under irrigation conditions. An irrigation field experiment was established on February 25, 2010 and March 3, 2011, in Río Bravo, Tamaulipas (INIFAP-CIRNE). The variety used was EBO-809 Type N (Normalreich: moderately rich in sugar), with 13 doses of (N‑P) from 150-00-00 to 300-200-00, and the control without fertilization. Urea was the source of (N) and triple superphosphate of (P). Fresh weight (Mg ha-1), chlorophyll index (SPAD), soluble solids (oBrix) and incidence of root rot (%) were evaluated. The factor with the highest statistical value was the fertilization dose (T), explaining 70% of the variance 24% the year (A), and there was no interaction (T × A). Root rot was attributable by Rhizoctonia solani (Kühn), which is negatively associated with yield, due to atypical winter rainfall in 2010. There were no differences between treatments with N-P fertilization. The critical value of N was superior to the control and ≤ to 150 kg ha-1. The concentration of sugars was not related to yield, SPAD or R. solani incidence; moreover, it was inversely proportional to the nitrogen dose.