A main group-catalyzed method for the synthesis of aryl- and heteroarylamines by intermolecular C–N coupling is reported. The method employs a small-ring organophosphorus-based catalyst (1,2,2,3,4,4-hexamethylphosphetane) and a terminal hydrosilane reductant (phenylsilane) to drive reductive intermolecular coupling of nitro(hetero)arenes with boronic acids. Applications to the construction of both Csp2–N (from arylboronic acids) and Csp3–N bonds (from alkylboronic acids) are demonstrated; the reaction is stereospecific with respect to Csp3–N bond formation. The method constitutes a new route from readily available building blocks to valuable nitrogen-containing products with complementarity in both scope and chemoselectivity to existing catalytic C–N coupling methods.
A series of thorium(IV)-imido complexes was synthesized and characterized. Extensive experimental and computational comparisons with the isostructural cerium(IV)-imido complexes revealed a notably more covalent bonding arrangement for the CeN bond compared with the more ionic ThN bond. The thorium-imido moieties were observed to be 3 orders of magnitude more basic than their cerium congeners. More generally, these results provide unique experimental evidence for the larger covalent character of 4f 0 5d 0 Ce(IV) multiple bonds compared to its 5f 0 6d 0 Th(IV) actinide congener.
Over more than 50 years, intermediate valence states in lanthanide compounds have often resulted in unexpected or puzzling spectroscopic and magnetic properties. Such experimental singularities could not be rationalised until new theoretical models involving multiconfigurational electronic ground states were established. In this minireview, the different singularities that have been observed among lanthanide complexes are highlighted, the models used to rationalise them are detailed and how such electronic effects may be adjusted depending on energy and symmetry considerations is considered. Understanding and tuning the ground‐state multiconfigurational behaviour in lanthanide complexes may open new doors to modular and unusual reactivities.
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