Off-classroom training is important to sharpen the soft skills of university students. The study discussedthe relationship of lecturer support and self-efficacy with training effectiveness of students outside theclassroom. The scope of study was 314 agriculture students taking human resource management course.The study applied quantitative research method and underpinned by training engagement theory, whichconsiders both internal and external factors in evaluating training effectiveness. The findings wereanalyzed using IBM-SPSS v 24 software. The findings showed that both variables significantly influencedtraining effectiveness, and self-efficacy influenced training effectiveness more than lecturer support. It isconcluded that the understanding of the best factor influencing training effectiveness will assist lecturersin designing suitable training programs for the students in the future. Keywords: lecturer support; self-efficacy; off-classroom training; training effectiveness; training engagement theory

With the development of the internet and information technologies, the usage of electronic textbooks that are also known as e-books, e-text books or digital books have become increasingly popular in the educational setting. Students are therefore very interested in these new technologies for their learning at universities. Besides, there is a tremendous growth of e-textbook towards study habits of undergraduate students as alternatives to printed textbooks. Since the majority of the academic institutions had experienced online learning during the pandemic of covid-19, thus the demand towards online books has also increased drastically. The main aim of this study is to identify the motivational factors that affect the students' adoption towards e-textbook in their learning at university. This study discusses the three elements which include perceived usefulness, perceived value and ease of use which could drive the students to use e-textbook. Next, the future research will further conduct an analysis in detail based on those factors to explore the potential impact towards adoption behaviour in using e-textbook among students.

Career choice is a crucial topic in the developmental lives of youths, since it is related to positive and negative psychological, physical, and socioeconomic differences that continue into adulthood. Thus, today's undergraduates confront a nightmare while deciding on their subjects, courses of study, and future careers. Choosing the appropriate combination of courses leading to the desired profession might indicate whether a future career will be appreciated or detested. This study aimed to identify the elements that influence students' career decisions. This study examined the influence of extrinsic and intrinsic factors as well as interpersonal factors on the career choices of students from High Education Institutions in Malaysia. To conduct this study, the researchers will collect data from primary and secondary data. The expected results from this study will suggest a theory that can explain students' career choices from the standpoint of the social environment by understanding intrinsic factors. The idea will assist students in learning about and exploring professions, ultimately leading to career selection. Moreover, this had a crucial effect in moulding the career decisions of pupils. The High Education Institution suggested providing Career Education and Guidance to allow youngsters to explore the world of employment since they must make a smooth transition from first-year student to senior year.