Visual impairment people require a means of information transfer which different from normal people, it needs to be touched or amplified by audio, including maps that apprise them of the objects and events occurring on Earth. Cartographic Sciences have developed  tactile maps that offers touchable symbols for supporting blind and partially sighted people in recognizing the spatial distribution of geographical phenomena and their intercorrelation. Creating an informative tactile maps need a specific design of symbol, ancillary information, and map reproduction that meets the need and the capacity of its users. Unfortunately, there has been no international standardization for these map features that could be used as a foundation to build a standardization for our national tactile map. Therefore, this research adopted and modified the designs of tactile symbols published by the National Mapping Council of Australia, the Guidelines for Design of Tactile Graphics by American Printing House, the use of tactile variables by Vasconcellos, the Specifications of Topographic Elements Mapping by Bakosurtanal, and the application of visual variables of Bertin for cartographic mapping. The resultant symbol designs from the modification were applied to develop the tactile maps of Yogyakarta City on swell paper. Then, through interviews with map users (visually impaired people in the city), we evaluated these symbols from two aspects, comprehension of tactile variables and the types of the tactile maps required.

The Pananjung Pangandaran Strict Nature Reserve (PPSNR) is one of the sanctuary reserve area in the southern of Java, Indonesia that has unique of plants, animals, and ecosystem. However, the location of the nature reserve area that adjacent to the nature recreation parks has lead to the disturbance of natural resources due to human interferences. This research aims to assess the distribution of human activities in PPSNR and identify factors affecting those activities. The behavioral mapping method was carried out based on interviews with 209 respondents selected by an accidental sampling technique during two weeks field survey. In addition, a direct mapping method using GPS handheld was carried out to collect coordinates data of human activities and their movements. The results showed that human activities in PPSNR could be grouped into tourism activities and non-tourism activities. It was observed that distance from visitors’ house, type of attraction, and time of activity were the main factors affecting human activities in PPSNR. Finally, the authorities must take measures to control human activities in PPSNR, otherwise their impacts on the natural resources will be worsen.

Tourism activities in conservation areas may provide benefits for both the regional and local economy. However, these activities often deliver negative impacts on the surrounding environment such as deforestation and forest degradation. This research aims to analyse the land cover disturbance due to tourism in Djuanda Forest Park, Indonesia. Djuanda Forest Park is a well-known tourist area in Bandung, Indonesia that also functions to preserve the biodiversity of various trees species. Historical land cover data acquired from high-resolution satellite imageries from the years 2007 to 2017 were used and analysed. Changes in land cover were calculated based on Pairwise Comparison Methods. The results showed that the forest cover was degraded and decreased in the period 2007 – 2017, while the grassland and built-up area for supporting tourism increased. In addition, the highly-developed tourist objects such as the Tebing Keraton, Monumen Ir. H. Djuanda, Air Terjun Maribaya, and Goa Belanda have more loss of green spaces, indicating that tourist object development in the Djuanda Forest Park was mostly based on the building development.

There are three objectives of this research. First, to map springs location, second to know spring characteristic and third to calculat springs potency for domestic use. To reach these aims, springs location were plotted on map base on its coordinate. Springs characteristic were analysed descriptively by spatial analysis base on geologic, geomorphologic and hydrogeologic conditions. Springs potency were calculated base on its discharge, whereas domestic use was determined 60 l/person/day for rural and 120 l/person/day for urban area. The study shows, that springs distribution in Bali Island are not homogeny Springs appearance were controlled by geologic structure as fault and rock contact. The differences of discharge also depend on the structure. Contact between volcanic rock (tuff and lahar) from Buyan-Bratan-Batur Formations with another rock formation in its surrounding result many springs appereance with high discharge. Beside that, orohydrology properties of Agung Mount as strato volcanic result springs belt in a certain elevation and each slope changing. Base on calculation, springs potency in Bali Island are 628.800 m3/month,whereas the domestic use is 9.079.990 m3/month. So, the springs potency is just 6,9% from domestic use in Bali Island.Key words : springs potency, springs distribution, springs characteristic

Background This study aims to assess the effects of a forestation program and climate change on the annual and seasonal water balance of the Bogowonto catchment (597 km2) in Java, Indonesia. The catchment study is rare example in Indonesia where forestation has been applied at the catchment level. However, since the forestation program has been initiated, evaluations of the program only focus on the planting area targets, while the environmental success e.g., impacts on the hydrological processes have never been assessed. This study used a calibrated Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to diagnose the isolated and combined effects of forestation and climate change on five water balance components, namely streamflow (Q), evapotranspiration (ET), surface runoff (Qs), lateral flow (Ql) and base flow (Qb). Results The results show that from 2006 to 2019, forest cover has increased from 2.7% to 12.8% of the total area, while in the same period there was an increase in the mean annual and seasonal temperature, rainfall, and streamflow. Results of SWAT simulations show that changes in the mean annual and seasonal water balance under the forestation only scenario were relatively minor, while changes were more pronounced under the climate change only scenario. Based on the combined impacts scenario, it was observed that the effects of a larger forest area on the water balance were smaller than the effects of climate change. Conclusions Although we found that forestation program has minor impacts compared to that of climate change on the hydrological processes in the Bogowonto catchment, seasonally, forestation activity has decreased the streamflow and surface runoff during the wet season which may reduce the risk of moderate floods. However, much attention should be paid to the way how forestation may result in severe drought events during the dry season. Finally, we urge the importance of accounting for the positive and negative effects in future forestation programs.