No abstract

Diabetes mellitus has emerged as a pandemic affecting both the genders and all the age groups. This metabolic disorder is classically notorious to cause retinopathy, neuropathy, micro and macro vascular complications including brain damage, cardiac disorders and nephropathy and renders patients to develop various kinds of infections Ginger, Nigella sativa and Punica granatum are strong antioxidants and possess antimicrobial activity. While the Metformin is known to reduce the insulin resistance. In present study we examined the influence of Ginger, Nigella sativa, Punica granatum and Metformin on the prevention and treatment of bone damage and infections due to Diabetes mellitus in STZ-induced diabetes in male Wistar albino rats. 40 rats were used in the study, and it was observed that all the studied substances prevented infections and bone damage at the same time, significant increase was found in the bone volume, strength, density, and length in comparison to diabetic rats.

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a worldwide used endocrine disruptor that is incorporated in many plastic industries. Exposure of humans to such substance starts early during the fetal life, postnatal life, and extends throughout the life of the individual. Many agencies raised warnings against excessive use of such substance. Aim of the work: This study aimed to investigate effects of the recovery period (RP) and stem cell enhancer (SCE) on the female albino rats which received BPA. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on forty female albino rats with an average body weight of 140-160 grams. Animals were divided into four groups (10 rats per cage); group I (control untreated for 30 days), group II (BPA treated for 15 days, and then sacrificed), group III (BPA treated first for 15 days, then left for another 15 days without any treatment "RP"), and group IV (BPA treated first for 15 days, then treated with SCE for another 15 days). The following biochemical analyses were done to all groups; ALT (alanine amino-transferase), AST (aspartate amino-transferase), GGT (gamma glutamyl-transferase), total proteins, albumin, globulins, A/G ratio [i.e., liver function tests], creatinine, A/C (albumin/creatinine) ratio, uric acid [i.e., renal function tests], total lipids, total cholesterol, LDL-C (low density lipoprotein cholesterol), HDL-C (high density lipoprotein cholesterol), and triglycerides [i.e., lipids profile]. Results: In the BPA treated rats (group II) the biochemical results showed highly significant increases (P<0.01) in the enzymatic activities of ALT, AST, GGT, creatinine, uric acid, total lipids, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglycerides levels, with only a significant increase (P<0.05) in globulins levels when compared to the control group. On the other hand, there was highly significant decreases (P<0.01) in total proteins, albumin, A/G ratio, A/C ratio, and HDL-C levels when compared to the control group. These results turned back to about the normal control values after stopping the use of BPA and either taking a RP (group III) or receiving the SCE (group IV). Conclusions and Recommendations: It could be concluded that BPA has dangerous toxic effects on the liver and kidney functions as well as on the lipids profile. So, we recommend minimizing utilization of this compound (BPA) as possible to protect people from these hazardous effects. Moreover, the RP (i.e., 15 days without treatment) is better than the use of SCE which has no more benefit against the antitoxic effects of BPA.

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known endocrine disruptor used to manufacture polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Exposure of rats to low doses of BPA results in histopathological effects in their retina. Objectives: We used histological and immunohistlogical techniques for determining retina pathological changes in response to low doses of BPA and the modulating effect of both vitamin A and stem enhancer. Methods: Twenty female albino rats orally administered with 20mg BPA /kgb.wt/day for 45 days and then divided to groups and treated with vitamin A and stem enhancer. Both eyes were examined histologically and immunohistochemicaly to determine the histopathological changes in retinal layers. Results: A remarkable degenerative histopathological changes in the ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer appeared with bis phenol treated rats and a clear improvement was seen after treatment with both vitamin A and stem cell enhancer. Conclusions: Both of vitamin A and stem enhancer have ameliorative effect on the degenerative changes in the retinal layers and damaged estrogen receptors by the action of bisphenol A.