This study tries to investigate the relationship between gross domestic product, electricity product, net trade, electricity consumption and oil price on carbon dioxide (Co2) emission in Malaysia. Thus, it uses the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method in structuring the model estimation. By utilizing yearly time series data from 1980 to 2017, this study focuses on economics and statistical criteria analyses. According to sign analysis, the results suggest that, gross domestic product, electricity product, net trade and energy consumption affect carbon dioxides (Co2) positively. In contrast, the oil price affects carbon dioxides (Co2) negatively. Furthermore, the results in statistical criteria conclude that the gross domestic product, electricity product and energy consumption are the dominant factors that influence carbon dioxides combustion in the long run in Malaysia.

The aim of this study is to investigate empirically the factors that determine the level of automobile trade in East Asian countries by taking into account government policies as well as the role of MNEs. To do so, in this study we include dummies of import substitution industrialisation (ISI) and export orientation industrialisation (EOI) policies as well as Japanese FDI as additional explanatory variables in our augmented gravity models. We found that GDPs, distance, per capita income, FTA, government policies, language and FDI are the determinants for the development of automobile industry in each country in East Asia. In the case of auto P&C, apart from economic size, the role of government through trade policy (i.e., FTA) and industrial policies as well as the role of MNCs are the major contributors to the development both exports and imports of East Asian countries. In the case of final automobiles, the role of FTA and language seems to be unimportant. Nonetheless, the role of government policies and MNCs seem to be important.

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This paper examines and evaluates the macroeconomics factors driving the workers' remittance flows from GCC countries to eight Middle East and South Asian Countries during period 1989 to 2010. The gravity model has approached to estimate remittances, utilizing a variety of panel data techniques. The estimator indicates that remittances respond more to GCC (host countries) macroeconomics activities, than to changes in the macroeconomic activities in the Middle East and South Asian Counties (home countries). The results also show the differential in the wage rates between the GCC countries and the Middle East and South Asian counties had a significant positive effect on remittance flows. However, the estimator also indicates distance was not a significant proxy to impact on the remittance flows.