Kebutuhan akan energi semakin meningkat seiring bertambahnya populasi manusia. Upaya mencari sumber energi baru terus dilakukan termasuk sumber Energi Baru Terbarukan (EBT). Salah satu yang banyak dikaji dan diteliti dan dikembangkan adalah biomassa dimana di antara produk dari energi bersumber dari biomassa adalah briket arang tempurung kelapa. Permintaan briket arang tempurung kelapa semakin meningkat terutama dari luar negeri. Namun sebagian produk briket arang tempurung kelapa ternyata tidak diterima di pasaran luar negeri bahkan dalam negeri juga ada yang menolak dikarenakan kualitas tidak memenuhi standar. Briket arang tempurung kelapa mempunyai persyaratan mutu pasar yang dituju seperti untuk Indonesia berdasarkan standar SNI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik briket arang produksi salah satu perusahaan briket arang di Jawa tengah, berdasarkan standar SNI No.1/6235/2000. Parameter proses produksi yang diuji yaitu kadar air dan pengujian hasil produksi briket yaitu berupa geometri, densitas, kadar abu, kadar karbon, nilai kalor, dan kadar zat menguap. Hasil yang didapat adalah briket belum lolos standar SNI No.1/6235/2000 untuk parameter kadar karbon. Sedangkan pada kadar air, kadar abu, nilai kalor, dan kadar zat menguap telah memenuhi standar SNI yang menjadi acuan. Kata kunci: arang tempurung kelapa, briket, EBT, kualitas, SNI
Lower limb exoskeleton robot is a robot that functions as a walking tool of movement for the lower of the human body (usually made for patients with stroke and paraplegic). However, as time goes by lower limb exoskeleton robot is no longer reserved for patients with stroke and paraplegic, some of them are made to military requirements or the need to lift heavy stuff. In this case, the lower limb exoskeleton robot is used for rehabilitation aids for people with paraplegic who suffered an accident on the lower part of the human body (lower limb). This paper presents the design and simulation of the lower limb exoskeleton robot using CAD software to design, and Matlab/Simulink for simulation. The first step after the design of the lower limb exoskeleton robot is completed, we export the file of robot design to the SimMechanics (using first generation). After we obtain the results of the export file, we give a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller at each revolute joint. Then, we use a Matlab/Simulink to analyze the response system of PID controller. For the stability analysis of controller, we plot the transfer function of system into the root locus method. Based on the results of simulation, the PID controller has been able to making each revolute joint of the lower limb exoskeleton robot to become stable.
Central Java and East Java are provinces in Indonesia which have the largest area of teak forest where management is in PERHUTANI. Teak trees can be cut down after reaching the age of 10 years or meet the minimum stem diameter required. Utilization of teak wood for the needs of building materials and furniture is very high because the material is of good quality. In processing teak tree trunks, there is waste from cutting that has not been maximized by PERHUTANI. With good quality teak wood, try to learn about the utilization of PERHUTANI teak wood waste powder for use as a bio-pellet that is included in the Renewable Energy (EBT) category so that they can improve their use and economic functions value. The bio-pellet quality reference standard refers to the SNI 8021:2014 standard. To make bio-pellets, flat die mill type machines are used with speeds of 1660 rpm. As an adhesive used cassava starch with a variation of 5%; 10%; 15% and water variations 10%; 15%; 20% by weight teak wood dust. Compaction pressure variations are obtained by adjusting the gap between the roller and die in the 0.5mm, 1mm and 1.5mm die holes. In research conducted content contained in teak wood pellets can meet SNI product standards. The five SNI standards obtained were bio-pellets having calorific values greater than 4000 calories/gram, bound carbon values ≥ 14%. Volatile matter content is less than ≤ 80%, ash content ≤ 1.5% and has a density of ≥ 0.8. This shows that bio-pellets from teak wood waste can be used for rural communities and can be developed for industrial purposes.
Penghematan energi listrik menjadi trend penelitian dibidang energi. Salah satu usaha penghematan energi listrik untuk rumah tangga salah satunya adalah aplikasi smart house systems dimana saat ini sedang dikembangkan banyak pihak. Hal ini dikarenakan smart house systems dapat memberikan rasa kemudahan, kenyamanan, keamanan, selain dapat menghemat penggunaan energi listrik. Smart house systems merupakan sebuah sistem otomasi berbasis komputer yang berlangsung secara otomatis dan terprogram melalui komputer yang diaplikasikan pada peralatan rumah. Dalam perkembangannya, smart house systems didukung dengan aplikasi Human Machine Interface (HMI) sebagai user interface untuk mempermudah pengunaanya. Pada penelitian ini, telah dibuat model smart house system yang terintergrasi dengan HMI (LabView) untuk memonitor keadaan yang ada di depan rumah dengan CCTV, mengontrol pintu gerbang, lampu-lampu, atap jemuran, alarm kebocoran gas, serta alarm pencuri. Metode untuk sistem jaringan yang digunakan pada smart house systems ini menggunakan main server untuk penyimpanan program dan sebagai sistem kendali. Dengan menggunakan smart house systems, berdasarkan estimasi perhitungan yang dilakukan, dapat menghemat energi listrik sebesar 27,2 % karena semua peralatan elektronik yang ada di rumah dapat diatur jam kerjanya menggunakan HMI
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