Objective: This study aims to investigate the clinical presentation, frequency and histopathology of hydatidiform mole, as well as to determine the clinical significance of such histopathological examination. Material and method: This was a retrospective study undertaken at the Department of Pathology Bmsi Jpmc Karachi from January 1st, 2016 to November 31st, 2021.All molar pregnancy cases were thoroughly examined, taking into account their age, gestational age, signs and symptoms, clinical diagnosis where available and histopathology. Results: Total 73 cases of hydatidiform moles were obtained during study period. There were 64.3% partial hydatidiform moles and 35.6 % complete moles. The majority of the patients were between the ages of 21 and 35 years. Bleeding per vaginum was the most prevalent presenting symptom. The period of gestation in majority of patients (54.7%) was 2–5 months. Conclusion: We came to the conclusion that partial mole was more common than complete mole .Histopathlogical findings of PHM differ from CHM.The diagnosis of molar pregnancy is helped by histopathological study of products of conception (POC), that can be missed on clinical and ultrasound assessment. As a result, products of conception should be subjected to histological investigation on a regular basis to avoid missing the diagnosis of molar pregnancy. Keywords: Molar pregnancy,Trophoblastic hyperplasia, Hydatidiform mole,

Background: EDTA related pseudothrombocytopenia (PTCP) is immune mediated, time and temperature dependent spurious low platelet counts commonly observed in laboratory practices, as an in vitro phenomenon. Microscopic evaluation of every sample is not possible due to immense workload hence PTCP is overlooked mostly due to immense work load .Vortex mixer is practically feasible tool often used in laboratories to obtain the accurate platelet counts of the suspected samples by using same EDTA anticoagulated samples. Aim: To evaluate the frequency of EDTA related pseudothrombocytopenia in OPD of tertiary care centre and analyze the vortexing for resolution of PTCP. Methodology: This was case control study conducted in clinical pathology department of JPMC in collaboration with ICU from November 2022 to January 2023. Total 3000 samples of CBC were analyzed. 150 patients with platelet count less than 150µl , with abnormal histograms and platelet clumps on smear were enrolled as cases of PTCP. 150 healthy individuals with match age and gender recruited as controls. Sample was subjected to vortex for 2 min at 3000rpm Samples were reanalyze ,clumps dissolution recheck by smear. Results : Prevalence of isolated thrombocytopenia was 33%, with 15% cases of EDTA related PTCP, platelet clumps seen in all PTCP cases on smear, 87% clumps were resolved completely with significantly increased platelet counts post vortexing with p value <0.05. Conclusion: Vortexing has proved as a promising, rapid and a cost effective method to deal with PTCP, save patient from needless investigations and invasive procedures. Keywords: Thrombocytopenia, Pseudothrombocytopenia, Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid, Vortex, Platelet histograms,

Objective: The aim of our study was to determine the reliability of preoperative FNAC diagnosis of thyroid gland swelling in pathology Department BMSI, JPMC (Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre) Karachi. Study design & place: cross-sectional study was conducted at Pathology BMSI, JPMC during January 2022 to 30th June 2022. Material and Methods: Total 200 patients of thyroid FNA aspiration cytology were evaluated in FNA OPD All smears and cellblock stained with eosin and hematoxylin. Data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 (SPSS 25). Results: FNAC findings were classify as benign,malignant ,cystic and inflammatory lesions. Out of 200 cases,173 patients were female and 27 were male(female to male ratio was 8.9:1.68) .all cases were diagnosed according to Bethesda system .and benign lesions predominantly hyperplasia followed by cystic lesion were commonest finding .5 neoplastic lesions and one metastatic lesion Conclusion: Hyperplasia and benign lesion with cystic changes are commonest finding and predominant in females suggestive of neoplastic lesions are helpful for treatment plan of patients. Keywords: FNAC Fine needle aspiration cytology JPMC Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Hyperplasia cystic lesion metastatic carcinoma

Objective: To find out the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in chronically ill patients admitted in tertiary care hospital JPMC(Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre) Karachi. Study design & place: This cross-sectional study was conducted at JPMC during the June, 2021 to April, 2022. Materials & Methods: A total of 500 patient age ≥18 years having highly suspicious history & symptoms of HIV/AIDS, admitted in Medical & pulmonology department were included in this study. A well-structured questionnaire was used to obtain background characteristics, clinical symptoms; history of high risk behaviors and I/V drug use of all participants was collected. Confidentiality was assured of all participants given unique identification number. Data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 (SPSS 21). Results: A total of 500 patients comprised of 373 (74.6%) male and 127 (25.4%) female, male to female ratio was 2.93:1. The mean age was 33.5 ± 12.78 years (18 to 83 years). We observed that most of patients belong with history of blood transfusion, 160 (32%) followed by I/V drug user 130 (26%) and sexual contact 96 (19.2%) cases. Out of 500 study participants, 29(5.8%) subjects were HIV/AIDS positive. The results of this study will provide information and awareness about the transmission of HIV in community. The study revealed that the blood transfusion is a significant risk factor in transmission of HIV. The findings of current study will help doctors for postoperative pain treatment following major abdominal surgery. Acute pain management in hospitals faces some significant obstacles, according to a recent review on postoperative pain management procedures in tertiary care facilities center. Conclusion: Most of the chronically ill patients admitted were men who had been diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. Blood transfusion history, intravenous drug use, and multiple sex partners were important risk factors. There is a need to create awareness among the general public about the risk factors for HIV/AIDS to decelerate the spread of this deadly disease. Keywords: AIDS Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Chronic diseases, HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Injecting drug user, Multiple sex partners, JPMC Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre

Objective: To evaluate the effect of various doses of Nigella sativa in isoniazid induced liver biochemical changes in Rabbits. Study design: Animal study Place of study: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics in collaboration of Animal house BMSI, JPMC Karachi. Method: In this animal study, 48 (N) healthy rabbits of either sex were randomly selected and equally divided in four groups (12 in each). Group I, was given only healthy diet. Group II, given Isoniazid at 50mg/kg body weight per day orally. Group III, was given Isoniazid 50mg plus Nigella sativa 500 mg/kg body weight/day orally and Group IV, given Isoniazid 50mg plus Nigella sativa 1gm/kg body weight/day orally. Treatment duration was 20 days. Liver biochemical changes i-e, Serum Total Bilirubin, ALT and AST were investigated on 00 and 21 days respectively. The data was collected on designed proforma and assessed statistically using SPSS version 16 and paired T- Test was applied. Results: In Group I the liver biochemical changes were non-significant on 00 and 21 days. (S. Total Bilirubin, p value = 0.06, ALT, p = 0.09 & AST, p = 0.74). Group II the parameters were significantly raised, when 00 and 21 days were compared. (S. Total Bilirubin p = 0.00, ALT p = 0.00 & AST p = 0.00). In Group III the liver biochemical changes noted both significant and non-significant when compared between 00 and 21 days. (S. Total Bilirubin p = 0.06, ALT p = 0.00 & AST p = 0.74). Group IV the liver biochemical changes were non-significant when compared between 00 and 21 days. (S. Total Bilirubin p = 0.06, ALT p = 0.09 & AST p = 0.74) Conclusion: Nigella sativa showed protective role on isoniazid induced liver toxicity in rabbits.