The study is focused to analyze the framing of the islamophobia in the international media in context of the terror attacks on the Muslims and Non-Muslims where the newspapers from six countries including United States, India, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and Pakistan are focused to study to analyze the major terror incidents from 2014 to 2019 in different countries of the world. The key focus was to analyze the frames including perpetrator of the terror incidents; Islam/Muslims are Progressive or Violent; Criticism on Muslims and Non-Muslims Perpetrators; Target are Muslims or Non-Muslims and Positive or Negative image of Islam/Muslims presented. The content analysis method is used to analyze the content about framing of the major terror incidents targeting both the Muslims and Non-Muslims. The study concludes that the selected international press presented Islam in context of anti-Muslim wave as they presented Islam and Muslims in a negative context mostly linking them with violence and non-Muslims are more target of terrorism than the Muslims. The study presents that the Muslims and Islam is targeted more despite the fact that they have also been target of the terrorism and extremism losing hundreds of lives. Only Pakistani newspaper presented a positive image of Islam and the Muslims convincing about the fact that Muslims are equal target of terrorism and extremism and Muslims also have suffered by terrorism.

This study examines the television viewing routines of children in Pakistan. Familial, as well as individual, television viewing patterns were explored. Explanations for the childrens content choice and parental rationales behind allowing free content consumption are listed. Parental media literacy, especially concerning the content rating system, was examined. 2000 Pakistani parents, of varying educational backgrounds, contributed to the survey. Accordingly: 16% of parents allow their children unsupervised television viewing. 86% of children watch for 1 to 3 hours, and 14% watch for 3 to 5 plus hours daily. Preferred childrens programs, at 96% (n= 1915/2000), in Pakistan, are cartoons and animated movies 77% (n=1548/2000). Children are allowed unadulterated viewing for entertainments sake. According to media literacy check, only 46% of parents know of the existence of rating systems. Highly educated parents are better informed, however, both genders are equally ignorant of what is age-appropriate in childrens shows

This study is intended to shed light on broader question of which conflict resolution strategies are most effective in married life, with a special focus on the effectiveness of five conflict resolution styles (Integrative, avoidance, distributive, verbal aggression and physical aggression). Extant literature within this domain has produced mixed findings. A total of 350 married dual-earner academicians were taken as the sample for current study and purposive sampling technique was used. Results showed that there was a significant difference between men and women in terms of the conflict resolution styles, with women being more likely to use an integrative style, while men were more likely to use an avoidance, distributive, and verbal aggression conflict resolution style. There was also a significant difference between men and women in terms of the marital satisfaction, with women being more likely to report the higher levels of satisfaction. Integrative and avoidance styles were found to be positively related to marital satisfaction while distributive and verbal aggression styles were found to be negatively related. Physical aggression was not found to be a predictor of the marital satisfaction.

In this study, the authors investigated the health hazards faced by child labor in the brick kiln sector in the district of Okara, Pakistan. Using both quantitative and qualitative data collected from the parents and child laborers, the authors demonstrated that the children were exposed to various health hazards at their workplace. They also investigated children's perceived reasons for child labor and their level of awareness about the health hazards. Some recommendations are presented to protect the children from risky and hazardous situations.

Background: In this technologically advanced era, media literacy is necessary to effectively evaluate the information and understand various biases inherent in media messages. Several media literacy (ML) tools are available; however, we need generic and objective tools that can be applied to all forms of media messages.Objectives: The current study aimed to develop and validate an objective and generalized measure of media literacy based on the previously available tools. This study suggested that the access component should be removed from the media literacy tools as recommended in previous literature. Methods:The total of 386 respondents, both males and females, were recruited from different universities in Lahore. The age of the sample ranged from 18 to 25 (M=20.98, SD=2.12), with an approximately equal proportion of males (47%) and females. Results and Conclusions:This study proposed a compact Media Literacy Scale (MLS) with 3 constructs: analyze (09 items; α=.76), evaluate (08 items; α=.72), and comprehend (07 items; α =76). This 24 items scale explains 55.4% variance was administered to 386 respondents aged 18 to 30 years (M=20.98, SD=2.12). This developed scale will help assess the baseline level of media literacy in the audience so that in the future, evaluation of the efficacy of media literacy, and media literacy programs could be provided.