Studies of LDH materials to be applied as photocatalyst for dye pollutant degradation have been developed. These interesting efforts are inseparable from the investigation of degradation performance and competitive synthetic methods. Composites based on Zn/Al and Mg/Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with ZnO and TiO2 were prepared by coprecipitation-impregnation method following by calcination at 300 °C to forms Zn/Al-ZnO, Mg/Al-ZnO, Zn/Al-TiO2, and Mg/Al-TiO2. Composites were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM and UV-DRS. Photodegradation of malachite green (MG) was carried out, after optimization of pH, catalyst loading and contact time in batch system under UV irradiation. XRD and spectroscopic data shows composites were successfully formed indicated by formation of both pristine materials. Degradation of malachite green showed that composites as photocatalyst have higher catalytic activity than pristine LDHs. LDH-ZnO composite have better activity, energy band gap and degradation reusability than LDH-TiO2. The Zn/Al-ZnO and Zn/Al-TiO2 composites degraded 97.1% and 96.3% MG, whereas the Mg/Al-ZnO and Mg/Al-TiO2 composites were able to degrade 99.8% and 98.6% MG, respectively. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Modification of Mg/Al-LDH intercalated metal oxide (Mg/Al-Ni) was successfully formed by the coprecipitation method at pH 10, which is indicated by the XRD diffraction, FTIR spectrum, and BET analysis. Mg/Al-LDH increased surface area after intercalated Ni from 8.621 m2/g to 9.821 m2/g and improved performance in process regeneration which can be used in the three cycles. Mg/Al-LDH after intercalated metal oxide (Ni) increases adsorption capacity of is 69.930 mg/g to 71.429 mg/g for methyl orange (MO) and 77.519 mg/g to 98.039 mg/g for methyl red (MR). Equilibrium time on the adsorption process occurred at 90 minutes with adsorption kinetics followed pseudo-second-order (PSO). Thermodynamic parameters indicate that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic with the physical adsorption process.
Modified MgCr-LDH with microcrystalline cellulose (MgCr/MCC) was successfully prepared by the coprecipitation method and characterized using XRD, FT-IR, and BET analyses. MgCr/MCC showed an increase in surface area from 21.51 to 26.056 m2/g. The material was tested as an adsorbent for the removal of phenol. MgCr/MCC showed an increase in adsorption capacity from the initial material of 24.631 to 58.480 mg/g. The optimum pH was at pH 9 and the adsorption process’s equilibrium time is 70 minutes. The correlation coefficients on the kinetics and isotherm parameters show that phenol removal follows the pseudo second order (PSO) and Langmuir models with spontaneous and endothermic adsorption processes. The regeneration ability of MgCr/MCC material using the water-assisted ultrasonic system as a green desorption reagent was 3 cycles with a percent regeneration efficiency of 39.45%.
Research about the synthesis of chitosan/alumina composite using the sol-gel method and its application to removal procion blue MX-R dye had been conducted. The synthesized chitosan/alumina composite was characterized using FTIR to determine functional group, SEM-EDS to find out the surface morphology and elements composition of chitosan/alumina composite. The pHPZC is used to determine the appropriate pH condition on the adsorption process of chitosan and chitosan/alumina composite on procion blue dye solution. The FTIR spectra of chitosan represent the functional groups O-H, N-H, C-H and C-O while the chitosan/alumina composite is the addition of functional group of Al-O. The morphology of chitosan/alumina composite analysis by SEM showed that is heterogenous and porous. The EDX analysis showed that the present Al element of 5.49 % in the composite which indicates that synthesis of composite has been successful. Chitosan and composite have different pH pzc where chitosan at pH 6.02 and composite at pH 7.26. The optimum condition adsorption of procion blue MX-R using chitosan obtained at an initial concentration of 180 mg/L and contact time of 60 minutes, while the chitosan/alumina composite obtained at an initial concentration of 160 mg/L and 50 minutes contact time. The isotherm model that is suitable for describing the adsorption process is Freundlich isotherm for both adsorbents. The composite has the effectiveness of adsorption on procion blue MX-R from wastewater songket industry greater than chitosan ie 85.696 and 60.829 %, respectively.
Layered double hydroxide-modified polyoxometalate (ZnAl-PW) was prepared and used for the oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene. XRD patterns of ZnAl-LDH and PW are still present in ZnAl-PW. The bands of ZnAl-PW in wavenumber 3276, 1637, 1363, 1050, 952, 887, and 667 cm-1. The typical surface of ZnAl-LDH and ZnAl-PW can be observed not smooth in different sized with irregular shapes. The average diameter distribution of ZnAl-LDH and ZnAl-PW is 14 nm and 47 nm, respectively. For dibenzothiophene with 500 ppm, conversion on ZnAl-LDH, PW, and ZnAl-PW was 94.71%, 95.88%, and 99.16%, respectively. Conversion of dibenzothiophene in line with the acidity of ZnAl-LDH, PW, and ZnAl-PW were 0.399, 1.635, and 3.023 mmol/gram, respectively. The most effective catalyst dosage for the desulfurization of dibenzothiophene on ZnAl-LDH, PW, and ZnAl-PW is 0.25 g. The unchanged dibenzothiophene concentration indicates a heterogeneous system. ZnAl-LDH, PW, and ZnAl-PW are truly heterogeneous catalysts. After 3 cycles of oxidative desulfurization, the percentage conversion of dibenzothiophene on ZnAl-LDH, PW, and ZnAl-PW were 77.42 %, 65.98%, and 86.38%, respectively. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
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