Biomassa merupakan energi terbarukan yang sangat penting, dimana keberadaannya dapat menggantikan bahan bakar fosil baik padat maupun cair. Sebagai bahan bakar tentu perlu adanya analisis-analisis untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan kualitas biomassa sehingga kita dapat mengklasifikasikan biomassa yang potensial digunakan sebagai bahan bakar. Nilai kalori atau higher heating value (HHV) merupakan sifat terpenting dari suatu bahan bakar. Pada umumnya pengukuran nilai kalori menggunakan bomb calorimeter, akan tetapi pengukuran ini memerlukan waktu dan biaya sehingga tidak efektif jika yang dianalisis dalam jumlah banyak. Dalam makalah ini akan dibahas persamaan untuk memprediksi nilai HHV biomassa berdasarkan analisis ultimate yang di dapatkan dari penelitian sebelumnya. Empat prediksi nilai HHV menggunakan 15 data komposisi kimia biomassa dari penelitian sebelumnya kemudian dibandingkan berdasarkan ketepatan untuk mendapatkan prediksi terbaik. Persamaan P1 dan P4 terbaik dalam memprediksi nilai HHV berdasarkan data analisis ultimate, dimana masing-masing memprediksi terbaik di lima biomassa. Berdasarkan sumber biomassa, persamaan P1 baik dalam memprediksi hasil perkebunan dan pertanian yang berupa serabut/serat tinggi dengan kadar karbon dan oksigen yang tinggi dan tidak memiliki sulfur. P4 baik dalam memprediksi biomassa hasil sampingan kehutanan dengan karakter tinggi kadar karbon dan oksigen, rendah hydrogen dan oksigen serta memiliki sulfur.
As the largest palm oil-producing country in the world, Indonesia has abundant biomass potential from the production of crude palm oil (CPO). Palm oil production in 2018 in Indonesia is 34.94 million tons, where have by-products are empty bunches (23%), mesocarp fiber (12%), and palm kernel shell (5%). Palm kernel shells are a potential biomass that can upgrade the quality as a solid fuel through thermochemical processes. Torrefaction is one of the thermochemical processes where currently being used to increase the quality of biomass. The usual method used for the torrefaction process in the laboratory is the batch method. However, this method has a disadvantage when the capacity is improved make decreases the quality of the fuel produced. In this study, the quality of torrefied palm kernel shell from batch and batch torrefaction with internal surface area modification were compared. The torrefaction process was carried out at 275°C, with a residence time of 30 minutes. The results showed that the torrefaction of the modified batch method had a better heating value, and was proximate as a fuel.
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