This work aimed to study the effect of chemical and organic conditioners on the chemical attributes of a saline-sodic soil and on the initial growth of two castor bean cultivars. Two experiments were performed in the green house of the Center of Human and Agrarian Sciences of the Paraíba State University (CCHA-UEPB), Campus IV, Catolé do Rocha-PB. In the first experiment, an entirely randomized experimental design with five treatments [(saline -sodic soil without conditioners (SSC), saline -sodic soil + biofertilizer at 10% of the soil volume (SS + B), saline -sodic soil + chalk at 100% of the chalk requirement (SS + C), saline -sodic soil + chalk + biofertilizer (SS + C + B), and non-saline soil (NSL)] and eight replicates was adopted. In the second randomized experiment the treatments were displayed in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, referring to the five corrective treatments used in the first experiment and the two castor bean plant cultivars (BRS Nordestina and BRS Paraguaçu), with four replicates. The application of chalk combined with biofertilizer promoted a better initial development of the castor bean plant in comparison with other recovering treatments. This indicates the corrective effect of chalk on sodicity and of both treatments on the nutrient availability for the plants. The bovine biofertilizer alone did not reduce the sodicity of the sodic -saline soil. Under the evaluated conditions, the BRS Nordestina surpassed the BRS Paraguaçu. Key words: Ricinus communis L., salinity, sodicity, soil correction ResumoO objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a aplicação de condicionadores de natureza química e orgânica nos atributos químicos de um solo salino-sódico e no crescimento inicial de duas cultivares de mamoneira. (Solo salino -sódico sem corretivo (SSC), Solo salino -sódico + biofertilizante à 10% do volume do solo (SS + B), Solo salino -sódico + gesso à 100% da necessidade de gesso (SS + G), Solo salino -sódico + gesso + biofertilizante (SS + G + B) e solo não salino (SNS)) com 8 repetições e, no segundo experimento, também conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, referente aos cinco tratamentos de correção obtidos no primeiro experimento e duas cultivares de mamoneira (BRS Nordestina e BRS Paraguaçu), com quatro repetições. A Aplicação de gesso associado ao biofertilizante promoveu o maior desenvolvimento inicial das plantas de mamoneira quando comparado aos demais tratamentos de recuperação e indica ação positiva do gesso como corretivo da sodicidade e de ambos no aumento da disponibilidade de nutrientes às plantas. O biofertilizante bovino isolado não reduz a sodicidade do solo salino -sódico. Nas condições estudadas, a cultivar BRS Nordestina superou a BRS Paraguaçu.
The intensive use of the soil, associated with the application of chemical fertilizers, contribute to degradation processes that affect soil quality and crop production. The use of techniques that contribute to soil conservation and reduction of external inputsis important for the success of the agriculture, and hedging is an alternative. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phytomass production nutrient accumulation and contents, as well as rate of decomposition of different species used as cover plants. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with nine treatments distributed in three blocks. The treatments were: Canavalia ensiformes (L.) DC., Crotalaria spectabilis Roth, Crotalaria ochroleuca G. Don., Crotalaria juncea L., Dolichos lablab L., Stizolobium niveum (Roxb.) Kuntze, Stizolobium aterrimum Piper & Tracy, Neonotonia wightii (Wight & Arn.) J.A. Lackey and Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. The most recommended species as cover plants are C. ochroleuca and C. spectabilis for they produce more dry matter on the tops, 5.89 and 4.04 kg ha-1, in addition to greater accumulation of nutrients. C. ochroleuca and C. spectabilis had higher accumulation of N, P, K, Mg and S, and soil coverage with those species can be a good source of green manure. The recommended species for the highest coverage rate are: N. wightii; S. niveum and S. aterrimum. The recommended species for the lowest rate of decomposition are: S. aterrimum; S. niveum; P. glaucum and C. ochroleuca (0.245; 0.260; 0.264 and 0.276% month-1).
Guava is a perennial fruit, highly preferred by the Brazilian consumer and in increasing commercial exploitation in almost all the national territory. The most required nutrients are nitrogen, followed by potassium and calcium with great participation in the growth and physiology of guava. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of potassium doses in the soil without and with calcium in the physiology of Paluma guava plants. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement, with K 2 O of 0, 45, 90, 135 and 180 g plant-1 year-1 , without and with 120 g plant-1 year-1 calcium from calcium nitrate. The variables analyzed were chlorophyll indices (a, b and total), chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange. The results were submitted to analysis of variance by the "F" test and the potassium doses were submitted to regression analysis, using SAS © software version 9.3. Guava plants fertilized with only potassium in the soil had higher photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. The addition of calcium and potassium to the soil increased chlorophyll a, b, total, variable fluorescence, maximum fluorescence, quantum efficiency, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and internal carbon concentration in guava.
R E S U M OObjetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o crescimento e produção da mamona cv. BRS-188 Paraguaçu que tem sido recomendada para a região Nordeste do Brasil em relação à adubação orgânica, cobertura morta e níveis de reposição de água. Para isto foi desenvolvido o experimento em condições de campo, na cidade de Catolé do Rocha, PB, usando-se um delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com fatorial 2 x 2 x 4, constituído de dois níveis de reposição de água em função da evapotranspiração da cultura -ETc de 100 e 50% no solo sem e com cobertura morta (Cenchrus ciliares L) e quatro níveis de biofertilizante bovino (0; 1,2; 2,4 e 3,6 L planta -1 ), aplicados ao solo totalizando 16 tratamentos com três repetições e dez plantas por tratamento totalizando 48 parcelas experimentais. As plantas irrigadas com 50% da ETc, no solo com cobertura morta e biofertilizante bovino na dose de 3,6 L planta -1 atingiram áreas foliares e produções semelhantes às plantas cultivadas em sistema convencional sem cobertura e irrigadas com 100% da ETc.Growth and production of castor bean BRS Paraguaçu under irrigation, soil mulching and organic fertilization A B S T R A C TThe objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and production of castor bean BRS-188 Paraguaçu, which has been recommended for the Northeast of Brazil in relation to organic fertilization, mulching and levels of water replacement. For this, an experiment was conducted under field conditions in the municipality of Catolé of Rocha-PB, using a randomized complete block design with factorial 2 x 2 x 4, consisting of two levels of replacement of water through irrigation due to the crop evapotranspiration -ETc 100 and 50%, with and without mulch (Cenchrus ciliares L) and four levels of bovine biofertilizer (0, 1.2, 2.4 and 3.6 L plant -1 ), applied to the soil, totaling 16 treatments with three replications and ten plants per treatment totaling 48 experimental plots. Plants irrigated with 50% of ETc, under mulch and bovine fertilizer at a dose of 3.6 L plant -1 reached leaf area and similar productions to plants grown in conventional system without mulch cover and irrigated with 100% ETc. Palavras-chave:Ricinus communis L. sistema de cultivo manejo de água
RESUMO A goiabeira é uma frutífera cultivada mundialmente, destacando-se pela grande aceitação no mercado consumidor. Entretanto, para que a cultura explore o seu máximo potencial produtivo e mantenha a qualidade dos frutos, é necessária a adequada adubação mineral para elevar a disponibilidade de nutrientes no solo e aumentar sua absorção pelas plantas. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar os efeitos da adubação com doses de potássio, na presença e na ausência de cálcio, no estado nutricional e na produção da goiabeira 'Paluma'. O experimento foi desenvolvido de agosto de 2015 a maio de 2016, no município de Remígio, Paraíba. As variáveis analisadas foram: teores foliares de macro e de micronutrientes, número de frutos por planta, massa média de frutos, produção de frutos por planta e produtividade. As plantas da goiabeira estavam adequadamente supridas em nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio, cálcio, magnésio, boro, ferro, manganês e deficientes em enxofre, cobre e zinco. A adubação com cálcio incrementou os teores foliares de P, K, Ca, S, B, Mn e Zn e reduziu o número de frutos por planta e a produtividade da goiabeira 'Paluma'. A adubação potássica sem adição de cálcio, nas doses entre 101 e 143 g planta-1 ano-1 de K2O, aos 16 meses de idade, proporcionou a maior produtividade da goiabeira 'Paluma'.
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