Supply chain is an important key for any businesses’ existence and development, since this concept can be a solution for them to hold efficient operational practices, minimizing cost, and on time delivery. Therefore, appropriate management practices on supply chain of agricultural commodity could be a substantial matter since it has been facing problems in efficiency, supply, and minimizing cost. The higher the economic value of a commodity, the more important the role of management on its supply chain. One of Indonesia’s strategic and high valued commodity is shallot due to its high consumption and great contribution on regional economic development of production areas. Performance of shallot supply chain may impact on the parties involved, as farmers, traders, and suppliers. Thus, in order to formulate an accurate strategy to improve shallot supply chain performance, a measurement model is needed. This research employed Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) method to identify the model, while analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used to determine the weight of each indicator in the model. Findings of this research indicate that production is the key aspect on shallot supply chain. Furthermore, quality and order-fulfilment the most significant parameter in defining its performance is quality. Cost and order-fulfilment are proven as the highest weight-scores attribute and indicator, respectively, in measuring the performance of shallot supply chain.

Background: In the past decade, the endoscopic technique has been applied as a feasible and less invasive approach to orthopedic surgeries. Minimally invasive, full-endoscopic surgery has gained considerable attention in managing air gun injuries to the spine. Sacrum injuries among air gun wounds are rare and few have been published in case reports. Here, we present the management of air gun-bullet injury to the pediatric spinal spine in a 5-year-old child using endoscopic surgical intervention.Case Report: A 5-year-old girl was accidentally shot in the lower back with an air gun. The CT scan imaging shown a retained projectile in the pedicle of S1 vertebrae without vascular injury or unstable vertebral fracture. A minimally invasive, full-endoscopic surgical technique was applied to remove the bullet in this patient. On post-surgical follow-up, the patient was in a good recovery state.Discussion: Surgical intervention is needed for decompression, stabilization, and diminished risks of lead toxicity. The percutaneous endoscopic approach is the least invasive intervention performed to ensure a targeted approach through the anatomical openings of the spine and through intervertebral discs and bone structures, thereby further reducing spinal instability, blood loss, and infection risk.Conclusion: The endoscopic operation of minimally invasive surgical techniques is an effective operative approach not only limited in spinal stenosis cases, but also in air gun injuries.

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Mount Mujil is an ancient volcano which is located in Kulon Progo district with elevation of 265 msl. Currently this area is mostly overgrown by various vegetations, in which one of them is tree strata vegetation. Researches regarding the vegetation has not been done quite much. Hence, this research aims to understand the tree strata vegetation types with the highest and lowest Important Value Index (IV), determining the variety of tree strata vegetation types, understanding the correlation between measured abiotic environment condition to the stand grouping pattern of the tree strata vegetation, determining the potential of the research result as a learning source for biology subject in first grade of senior high school in ecosystem-level biodiversity subject. The data sampling in this research used plotless method such as Point Centered Quarter. To understand the diversity index (H'),Shanon-Wienner Index was used, and to understand the correlation between the measured abiotic environment conditions against the stand grouping pattern, cluster analysis was used. The research result is discussed to see whether this research has potentials to be used as a learning source for biology subject in accordance to the learning source criteria. The research result shows that there are 18 tree strata vegetation types in every study area with Tectona grandis as the highest IV(126.48%) and Ficus septica has the lowest INP (0.22%). The diversity index of the tree strata vegetation types is relatively low. H'ranges around 0.49-0.85. The abiotic environmental conditions which are related to the stand grouping pattern aresoil moisture, soil pH, and light intensity. The discussion regarding the research process and result fulfill the criteria to be a learning source for biology subject in first grade of senior high school in ecosystem-level biodiversity material.