This paper was to analyse the voice of stakeholders on key elements for peace education curriculum objectives for Malaysian higher education system as a contribution to the progressive effort on fostering interactions among multiracial community. The larger focus of the study is to develop a peace education curriculum model based on an intercultural context that can be applied at the tertiary level. The model was developed based on Tyler’s Model (Tyler, 1949). The model proposed four domains which were the objectives of the curriculum, curriculum content, and implementation and evaluation. However, this paper only focuses on elements of the curriculum objectives which is also the instrumental domain for curriculum development. Fuzzy Delphi technique and Interpretive structural modelling (ISM) were employed. The findings of model consisted of 19 Objective curriculum elements. All proposed objective elements generated through literature review were accepted by the stakeholders and the four highest agreeable elements were “To create in the learner the knowledge of the concept of peace and conflict”, “To nurture respect for and appreciation of differences”, “To enable students to acquire a sense of belonging towards a larger society, and to empathize and relate with individuals from other groups within that society”, and “To create in the learner, the knowledge of national identity”. The outcome has reflected on the three important dimensions of knowledge and value. The skill dimension was ranked lower, as response to stakeholder views that the importance of knowledge and value (concept of peace, respect, sense of belonging and national identity) should be first inculcated and followed with other skills. The outcome of the study would implicate in the systematic structuring of peace building among the multi-cultural society through peace education.
Objective - This paper is a comparative study between two selected countries in relation to conversion cases in religion or belief. Malaysia and Egypt are in the picture since both are Islamic countries, and frequently being reported to possess low level of religious freedom prior to the intervention of the religious authorities and Shariah court. The first part of the paper will discuss the definition of conversion and apostasy. The second part follows with the position on the right of conversion in the stated countries Methodology/Technique - The paper will use the content analysis methodology. Its approach focuses on the literature sources from printed media such as books, law journals, written reports and other relevant and authentic materials. Findings - Highlight the main findings that justified the research theme. Novelty - It will narrow the discussion to illustrate the development of the administration of justice specifically for the right of conversion in both countries in line to UDHR 1948. Type of Paper - Review. Keywords: Freedom of religion, conversion, Islam, human right, comparative studies, Malaysia, Egypt
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