Abstract. Saptadi D, Asbani N, Heliyanto B, Setiawan A, Sudarsono. 2020. Identification of interspecific hybrid between Jatropha curcas x J. integerrima using morphological and molecular markers. Biodiversitas 21: 814-823. Eight F1 progenies derived from Jatropha curcas × J. integerrima hybridizations were evaluated for their morphological characters and using RAPD, ISSR and SSR markers. Morphological variations among the hybrids were limited and they were intermediate between the Jatropha parents. The eight F1 progenies derived from J. curcas × J. integerrima hybridizations were most probably the interspecific F1 hybrids. The confirmed identity of the progenies as interspecific hybrids between J. curcas × J. integerrima was based on the presence of several phenotypic characters from both parents in the F1 progenies and by similarity of the molecular marker banding patterns among the parents and the F1 progenies. Among the evaluated molecular markers, the ISSR primers and the majority of either RAPD and SSR primers were not able to generate marker for confirming the identity of F1 progenies as interspecific hybrids between J. curcas × J. integerrima. However, the RAPD primer OPC 10 and the SSR primers AF469003, EU099522 and EU586348 were able to generate polymorphic markers in the Jatropha parents and their F1 progenies. Therefore, these four primers were able to generate usable markers for confirming the identity of F1 progenies as interspecific hybrids between J. curcas × J. integerrima. The evaluated interspecific F1 progenies are potentially useful to increase genetic diversity of J. curcas and support its breeding program.

<p>Salah satu kendala dalam peningkatan produksi kapas dalam negeri adalah serangan serangga hama. Hama utama tanaman kapas adalah wereng kapas, <em>Amrasca biguttulla</em>. Pengendalian wereng kapas dengan pe-nyemprotan insektisida berakibat pada meningkatnya populasi penggerek buah. Pemanfaatan predator dan parasitoid wereng kapas merupakan solusi pengendalian yang tepat. Penggunaan atraktan untuk mening-katkan populasi predator dan parasitoid pada pertanaman kapas akan meningkatkan peran musuh alami sebagai faktor mortalitas biotik yang efektif. Ekstrak tanaman, terutama yang berupa minyak atsiri, telah banyak digunakan sebagai atraktan musuh alami, tetapi belum banyak yang menggunakannya sebagai atrak-tan musuh alami wereng kapas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi ekstrak beberapa tanaman yang diduga dapat berfungsi sebagai atraktan bagi parasitoid telur dan predator wereng kapas di laboratorium dengan pengujian secara olfaktometri dan mengujinya di lapangan dengan menggunakan metode perangkap yang dilengkapi dispenser untuk atraktan. Pengujian di lapangan dilakukan pada pertanaman kapas. Ekstrak tanaman yang diuji adalah daun kapas yang telah terinfestasi oleh <em>A. biguttulla</em>, batang dan daun jagung, dan daun teh hitam (<em>Melalaeuca brachteata</em>) dengan menggunakan pelarut organik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri dari ekstrak daun kapas yang terserang <em>A. biguttulla</em> dan daun teh hitam dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai atraktan parasitoid telur wereng kapas. Parasitoid telur menunjukkan respon positif terhadap minyak atsiri dari ekstrak daun kapas yang terserang A. biguttulla dan daun teh hitam dalam uji olfaktometri di laboratorium. Pada uji lapangan, peningkatan populasi parasitoid dengan penam-bahan kedua atraktan tersebut dapat mencapai 176% dibandingkan kontrol. Minyak atsiri dari ekstrak tanaman yang diuji tidak mempunyai pengaruh terhadap predator jenis kumbang kubah, kumbang kembara, kepik mirid, dan sayap jala.</p><p> </p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>The Use of Plant Extract for Attractant of Predators and Parasitoids of Cotton LeafhopperCotton production is restricted by pest attack. The key pest of cotton is cotton leafhopper,<em> Amrasca biguttula</em>. Aerial spray to control of this pest caused the increase of bollworm population. Therefore, the use of parasitoids and predators could be a proper method to control the leafhoppers. The use of attractant to in-crease predator and parasitoid population on cotton field would also increase the role of those natural enemies as an effective biotic mortality factor. Plant extracts, especially in the form of essential oils, have been used as attractants for the natural enemies; however attractant for natural enemies of cotton leafhopper has not been intensively developed. Therefore, this research aims were to evaluate some plant extracts that may function as an attractant for egg parasitoid and predators of cotton leafhopper in laboratory tests using olfactometry method, and also to test the effectiveness of the attractant in increasing population of parasi-toids and predators in cotton fields. The plant extracts were of leafhopper-infested-cotton leaves, maize stalks and leaves, and <em>Melalaeuca brachteata</em> leaves, using organic solvents. Results showed that the essential oils of leafhopper-infested-cotton leaves and black-tea tree leaves could be used as an attractant for the hopper egg parasitoids. The parasitoids showed positive response to the essential oils of leafhopper-infested-cotton leaves and black-tea tree leaves in olfactometry tests. The use of those attractants in cotton fields increased parasitoid population by 179% compared to the control. Essential oils of the tested pants did not have any effect on predators, such as ladybird beetles, staphylinid beetles, mirid bugs, as well as lacewings.</p><p>Keywords: Essential oils, attractant, parasitoid, predator, cotton leafhopper.</p>

Most of the sugarcane cultivated today is the hybrid between Saccharum offinarum and its relative, S. spontaneum. The breeding relies mainly on the crossing of male and female parents, which needs the excellent viability of the pollen from the male parent. Marcotting or air layer is a technique to facilitate parents to be crossed outside of the sugarcane fields. The technique allows sugarcane roots to grow from stalk internodes wrapped with soil to maintain the viability of the male and female gametes during the crossing. We investigated the effect of marcotted stalks on pollen viability. The cultivars observed in the study were PS-862, PS-865, 88-1762, and 89-2143, along with the Saccharum’s wild relative, Erianthus arundinaceus. Pollens from marcotted and control stalks were taken and stained with Lugol’s or IKI solution daily to confirm their viability and diameter measurement. Additional parameters observed were root weight, male and female organ morphometry. The results showed that pollen viability was not affected by marcotting or air layering treatment. In addition, the treatment could maintain flower anthesis in panicles or arrows within more than two weeks. The pollen sizes varied among cultivar and genus, while the viable pollen tended to be bigger than the non-viable ones.

<p>Rhizoctonia solani dan R. bataticola merupakan jamur patogen pada tanaman kapas yang sulit dikendalikan, karena dapat menghasilkan sklerosia sebagai struktur istirahatnya di dalam tanah meskipun tidak ada inang. Perlindungan tanaman sejak awal perlu dilakukan untuk melindungi dari serangan patogen tersebut. Pengguna-an kalsium polisulfida yang merupakan pestisida ramah lingkungan dapat menjadi alternatif untuk mengenda-likan penyakit yang diakibatkan kedua jamur tersebut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kemampuan kalsium polisulfida dalam menghambat pertumbuhan jamur R. solani dan R. bataticola secara in vitro. Tu-juh level konsentrasi kalsium polisulfida yakni 0% (kontrol); 0,5%; 1%; 1,5%; 2%; 2,5%; dan 3% masing-masing dituang ke dalam cawan petri kemudian ditambahkan dengan 10 ml media PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar). Inokulum R. solani dan R. bataticola masing-masing secara terpisah diinokulasikan setelah media pa-dat dan diinkubasi pada suhu kamar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara in vitro, kalsium polisulfida hanya mampu menghambat pertumbuhan miselia jamur R. solani dan R. bataticola sampai dengan hari kedua setelah perlakuan. Setelah itu persentase penghambatannya berangsur-angsur menurun.</p><p> </p><p>Both of Rhizoctonia solani and R. bataticola are the difficult fungal pathogens to control since they can pro-duce sclerotia as the resting spore in the soil even though there is no host. An early plant protection is im-portant to defend from the pathogen infection. The use of calcium polysulfide, an environmentally friendly pesticide, could be an alternative method to control diseases caused by both of them. The objective of this research was to identify the potency of calcium polysulfide in inhibiting of R. solani and R. bataticola growth in vitro. There were seven level of concentration of calcium polysulphide, ie. 0% (control), 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3%, were poured onto petridish and added by PDA medium. R. solani and R. bataticola inocula were inoculated onto agar plate separately and incubated in room temperature. The result indicated that calcium polysulfide could inhibit the growth of R. solani and R. bataticola in vitro until two days after inoculation (dai), after that its capability was decreased slowly.</p>

No abstract