The inhibition of a-glucosidase and DPP enzymes capable of effectively reducing blood glucose level in the management of type 2 diabetes. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the inhibitory potential of a-glucosidase and DPP (IV) activity including with the 2-NBDG uptake assay and insulin secretion activities through in vitro studies. The selected of active compounds obtained from the screening of compounds by LC-MS were docked with the targeted enzyme that involved in the mechanism of T2DM. From the results, root extracts displayed a better promising outcome in a-glucosidase (IC 50 2.72 ± 0.32) as compared with the fruit extracts (IC 50 3.87 ± 0.32). Besides, root extracts also displayed a better activity in the inhibition of DPP (IV), enhance insulin secretion and glucose uptake activity. Molecular docking results revealing that phlorizin binds strongly with a-glucosidase, DPP (IV) and Insulin receptor (IR) enzymes with achieving the lowest binding energy value. The present work suggests several of the compounds have the potential that contribute towards inhibiting a-glucosidase and DPP (IV) and thus effective in lowering post-prandial hyperglycaemia.

This study aims to extract antioxidant compounds from Curculigo latifolia root by subcritical water extraction (SWE). The influence of extraction temperature and time on the antioxidant activity of C. latifolia root extract was investigated in terms of extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 2, 2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. The highest extraction yield (36.5%), TPC (92.55 mg GAE/g), TFC (13.26 mg RE/g), and antioxidant activities by ABTS (66.8 mg trolox equivalent/g sample) and DPPH (128.7 mg trolox equivalent/g sample) were detected at 180°C and 30 minutes extraction time. Based on the results, the optimum condition was selected at 180°C and 30 minutes of extraction. The sample was screened by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis where the phenolic compounds detected were structured based on their [M-H]-peak. The detected phenolic compounds were monobenzone, hydroquinone, phloridzin, pomiferin, mundulone, scandenin, and dimethyl caffeic acid. According to these findings, SWE is a promising, environmentally friendly, and efficient technology in the exploitation of natural products for the development of food and nutraceutical commodities.

Banana peels has been shown to possess strong antioxidant which may exhibit protective responses against reactive oxygen species through free radicals scavenging and breaking the autoxidative chain reaction and restore the ‘redox homeostasis’ state. Subcritical water extraction method was used by using water as the solvent and increasing the temperature to between 100 and 374°C and keeping the pressure high enough to maintain the liquid state allowing the dielectric constant (ε) of water becomes like that of an organic solvent, like ethanol or methanol. The extract was collected by using temperatures of 100 °C, 150 °C, 180 °C and 200 °C with 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes for the investigation of antioxidative compounds and antioxidant activity. The TPC ranged widely from 20.93 to 66.39 mg GAE/g for Pisang Tanduk and 43.64 to 151.40 mg GAE/g for Pisang Cavendish peel extract. While TFC of Pisang Tanduk ranged from 1.94 to 17.19 RE/g and for Pisang Cavendish it was as low from 3.80 to as high as 72.45 RE/g. Radical scavenging activities (inhibition of DPPH) of the extracts ranged from 36.96 to 85.60% for Pisang Tanduk and from 52.26 to 93.68%. Inhibition of ABST scavenging activity showed 97.14 to 99.03% inhibition for Pisang Tanduk. For Pisang Cavendish, it showed from 73.02 to 98.86% inhibition. Although both banana peel extracts appeared to have low TPC and TFC, its antioxidant activities were ranked moderate to high. This implies that antioxidative compounds other than phenolics and flavonoids were probably responsible for inhibition of DPPH.

No abstract