Even though Helicobacter pylori infection was the most causative factor of gastric cancer, numerous in vivo studies failed to induce gastric cancer using H. pylori infection only. The utilization of established animal studies in cancer research is crucial as they aim to investigate the coincidental association between suspected oncogenes and pathogenesis as well as generate models for the development and testing of potential treatments. The methods to establish gastric cancer using infected animal models remain limited, diverse in methods, and showed different results. This study investigates the differences in animal models, which highlight different pathological results in gaster by literature research. Electronic databases searched were performed in PubMed, Science Direct, and Cochrane, without a period filter. A total of 135 articles were used in this study after a full‐text assessment was conducted. The most frequent animal models used for gastric cancer were Mice, while Mongolian gerbils and Transgenic mice were the most susceptible model for gastric cancer associated with H. pylori infection. Additionally, transgenic mice showed that the susceptibility to gastric cancer progression was due to genetic and epigenetic factors. These studies showed that in Mongolian gerbil models, H. pylori could function as a single agent to trigger stomach cancer. However, most gastric cancer susceptibilities were not solely relying on H. pylori infection, and numerous factors are involved in cancer progression. Further study using Mongolian gerbils and Transgenic mice is crucial to conduct and establish the best models for gastric cancer associated H. pylori.

This study aims to evaluate university students' daily activities and the effect of physical activity on physical fitness, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research used comparative and correlational research methods. Thirty research samples consisted of 13 junior year university students and 17 senior year university students were selected by the purposive sampling method. Every student was monitored for their daily activities for one week and categorized into sports, college, organization, and other activities. Physical fitness was measured using the MFT test to measure the VO 2 Max in ml/kg/min units. The data analysis results showed no significant difference between junior and senior semester students in VO 2 Max, physical exercise, organizational activities, lecture activities, sleeping, and other activities. There was a significant difference in VO 2 Max and physical exercises (sig < 0.05) between genders. Male students spent more time exercising (17.87 ± 11.1) than female students (10.80 ± 6.04). Furthermore, male students had a higher average VO 2 Max (42.38 ± 7.53) than female students (29.36 ± 6.07). Based on the regression analysis results, there is a significant value between physical exercises and sleeping toward VO 2 Max capacity (sig. < 0.05).

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Incidents of injuries that were experienced by track and field athletes in training and matches that are not handled properly. As a result, injury recovery is not always ideal, putting athletes at risk for more serious injuries. This study aims to evaluate the types and treatment of injuries that occur in athletes from the Indonesian Athletics Association (PASI) in East Java Province. This research was conducted in cross-sectional with descriptive and comparative data analysis methods. There were 141 athletic athletes aged 17.97 ± 2.314 years participated in this study. Different test analysis was carried out based on gender, age, and number of competitions that were followed. The instrument used is a questionnaire whose statement items have been tested for validity using Pearson Product Moment and show valid results (p-value <0.05). The results of the normality test showed that the data did not have a normal distribution (p-value <0.05). The non-parametric test showed no significant differences in the perception of injury management based on gender, age, and match number (p-value > 0.05). Furthermore, on the athlete's knowledge, the majority of athletes still believe in traditional handling and do not know first aid for injuries using the Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation (RICE) method.