is a thinker who has produced works in the fields of theology, philosophy, law, politics and humanities. Abu Zayd's thought, partly on the Quran and its hermeneutics has stirred controversy in Egypt and the Muslim world. This research focuses on the controversy surrounding Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd which led to the declaration of his apostasy by the Supreme Court of Egypt in 1995, as well as his controversial thoughts on the Quran, its method of exegesis and certain fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) issues such as the hijab (veil) and polygamy. This paper serves as a literature review which employs the content analysis as a methodology to elaborate on Abu Zayd's controversial thoughts based on his books, as well as through the views of Muslim and Western scholars on those thoughts.

Hermeneutics method was introduced by modern Islamic thinkers where they see the need to apply the methods of hermeneutics in the interpretation of the Quran. Among of the thinkers are Fazlur Rahman, Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd and Arkoun who applying hermeneutics. Thus it occur a debate among Muslim scholars. Hence, this study aims to analyse the methods introduced by these scholars which were emphasizing in hermeneutics aspects.In this paper, the method of content analysis conducted can gatherrelevant facts on hermeneutics methods that have been applied against the Quran by modern thinkers as well as collecting information in other forms of interpretation that have been conducted by these modern thinkers. The views of contemporary scholars onthe true interpretation of Quran was also identified to argue the opinions of the modern thinkers who justify the hermeneutics methods.this study shows those modern thinkers have used the theories of hermeneutics as literary criticism, history and semiotic study of the Quran. The use of the method has downgraded the Quran by equating the Quran as literary works. Reinterpretationof the verses of the Quran based on the current context has made the issue of fiqh change and become controversial and this is against the opinion of the majority of scholars.

Tazkiyah al-nafs is a method of purification of the human soul in the form of internal purification and external formation in order to suppress desires and bad habits that lead to mental health and behavioral disorders. Sufism figures have introduced the method of purification of the soul, including Sheikh Sa'id Hawwa, which further explains Imam al-Ghazali's method of purification of the soul. This article aims to highlight the contribution of this figure in this field and analyse the approach presented by Sheikh Sa'id Hawwa in the method of tazkiyah al-nafs. This study is a qualitative study with content analysis design. The results show that Sheikh Said Hawwa has highlighted the method of tazkiyah al-nafs that is able to educate the human soul to avoid mental health and behavioral disorders. This study can provide early guidance and highlights on the method of purification of the soul based on the Quran and al-sunnah

This article analyzes the view of Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd, who is a contemporary

Today, the whole world has been tested with the Covid-19 outbreak which has been a while. In addition, it lead to the economy affected and also has a clear impact on the education sectors. The teaching and learning method for Qiraat course traditionally face -to face is converted online teaching and learning (T&L). Therefore, this study aims to explore students' dimensions on use of the medium of technology of Qiraat course during Covid-19. This study is a qualitative study using case study in University Islamic Sciences Malaysia (USIM). The results show that the technology medium used by USIM students for learning Qiraat is Microsoff Teams. There were 60 % students agreed that the advantage of using the technology for Qiraat T&L made the course easier and flexible, 80% students mentioned main constraints of this T&L is internet coverage. Meanwhile, 20% said the main problem the challenges in implementing lesson revision and lecturers could not monitor students. Therefore, this study has important implications for the universities and institution of tahfiz studies in Malaysia towards formation of a more powerful and quality Quranic generation.