This is the largest multicenter study defining the demographic data for childhood vasculitides. The distribution of childhood vasculitides was different in our population where KD is much less frequent, whereas HSP constitutes an overwhelming majority. C-PAN was more frequent as well.

We report five patients with Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome (LMBBS) who had renal involvement. Intravenous pyelography showed bilateral or unilateral calyceal clubbing and blunting in all patients. In addition, one patient had a parapelvic cyst in the left kidney and another had bilateral lobulated renal outlines of the fetal type. One patient had a urinary concentrating defect and two patients showed increased fractional sodium excretion. Estimated tubular phosphate reabsorption values were in normal limits in all of five patients. No patient had a urine acidification defect, proteinuria, glycosuria, or hyperaminoaciduria. One patient died from end-stage renal failure. The remaining four patients had normal serum creatinine values and estimated creatinine clearances. 99mTechnetium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetate renal scanning showed prolonged and delayed concentration and delayed excretion in three of the four patients who survived. A focal scar was determined on the left kidney of one of four patients by 99mtechnetium-dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scanning. All LMBBS cases with or without renal symptoms should be routinely evaluated for renal abnormalities. Renal scanning is a valuable method, especially for determining the renal involvement in the early stage of disease.

Increased IGF-1, IGFBP-3, VEGF and MMP-9 were observed in CRG in the follow-up period. IGF-1 and MMP-9 seemed to have increased in patients with CRG in defiance of the development of fibrosis. Moreover, IGF-1 and MMP-9 seem to be associated with reduced renal function and proteinuria.

Renal hypoperfusion which occurs in hemorrhagic shock creates an environment in which cellular injury and organ dysfunction can occur during the episode of shock as well as re-oxygenation and reperfusion. At the same time, mast cell degranulation which is observed during hemorrhage may have an additinal deleterious effect on the kidney. Twenty-two (Mus norvegicus albinos) rats (200–250 g) of either sex were used. The animals were divided into three groups. Group 1, the control group, was exposed to a 40% hemorrhage. Group 2 was exposed to 40% hemorrhage and then shed blood reperfused. Group 3 was exposed to 40% hemorrhage, and in addition to shed blood reperfusion 25 ng kg^–1 vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) + 5 mg kg^–1 naloxone (NLX) were given. At the end of the experiment the kidneys were evaluated either histologically or by measurement of the urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity. Shed blood reperfusion caused continuation of ischemic tissue damage and elevation of urinay NAG activity. Addition of VIP and NLX to the blood reperfusion caused a decrease in urinary NAG excretion, and the histology of renal tissue was almost normal.

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