Structure evolution and morphology of La0.7Sr0.3Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ (LSCF 7328) were investigated during two different preparation methods namely mechanochemical and combination of mechanochemical-solid state. The result shows that no characteristic peak of perovskite oxide was found on the diffractogram of the product of sole mechanochemical method at 600 rpm and up to 12 h of high energy milling process. On the other hand, the manual grinding method that was followed by solid state calcination produces irregular particle size. Due to the result, the combination of both methods was proposed to obtain the fine structure formation and particle size distribution. Rietveld refinement was used to investigate the lattice distortion. It was found that unit cell remains unchanged at increasing milling time. Moreover, the combination method produces regular particle size at milling time of 0.5 h. At longer milling time, the more regular particle size is formed which comes from highly energy transfer of milling.

This study aims to determine the effect of profitability as measured by Economic Value Added, Return on Assets, and Return on Equity on Stock Returns in retail trading sub-sector companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2013-2017 period. 10 companies have been selected as samples based on predetermined criteria. The approach taken in this research is associative. The data collection technique in this research is the documentation technique. Hypothesis testing uses panel data regression analysis using the Eviews 9 program. Based on the results of the regression coefficient and t-test it shows that partially Economic Value Added and Return on Equity have a significant positive effect on stock returns, while Return on Assets has a significant negative effect on stock returns.

The study aimed was to find out the endophytic bacteria isolated from areca nut rhizosphere in Southeast Sulawesi. The study was conducted at the Agronomy Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University. It using a completely randomized design (CRD) consist of four serial treatment of isolates isolated from 4 regencies. The isolates have tested their ability to improve viability and vigour of rice seed. The rice seeds before application, treated with endophytic bacteria isolates and then germinated. The germination rate was recorded daily by seven days. Each treatment using three replications, and data result were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed with DMRT (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test). The result showed that the treatment of endophytic bacteria on rice seed has significantly increased the viability and vigour of rice seed. It also found four selected isolates which have potential to increase of rice seed growth, namely ME4, WSE4, WSE15, LE7, and LAE2. The future research is needed to find out the isolate that has effectivity on increase of areca nut seedling growth.

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Data collection was performed by observation, questionnaire distribution and interview. The research objects were rice farmers in East Aceh Regency. The research locations were 14 (fourteen) sub-districts based on the biggest rice field areas in East Aceh Regency. The data collection technique was purposive sampling. The total sample was 1200 respondents. The model in the present study was descriptive quantitative statistical technique to describe the structural poverty among rice farmers in East Aceh Regency. The analysis and research were performed in 5 (five) stages, i.e. ; (1) distributing questionnaires to the research locations; (2) making data tabulation in the form of table (data coding); (3) performing validity test on data; (4) calculating poverty index score; (5) analyzing data. The research result showed that the structural poverty of rice farmers in East Aceh Regency was due to limited access to education, wage difference and low income of farm workers, limited land ownership (size and ownership status of agricultural land), and limited facilities and infrastructures to support agricultural activities. The indicators of poverty in East Aceh Regency were prosperity level, level of material wealth, education, income, environment, land area, service and politics. Based on the indicators, the score of poverty index among rice farmers in East Aceh Regency was medium, with the score of average poverty index of 57.73 percent. The factors causing structural poverty among rice farmers in East Aceh Regency are the rice farmers' dependency to higher social classes, structural injustice and structural wealth of farmers, small opportunity to own and control production assets, especially land and capital, development disparity and lack of policy which sided with poor farmers. The implications of this research are that the government continues to implement price stability policies, subsidies and funds programs, and social assistance policies, and any poverty reduction policies will have political implications that have a short-term impact.