No abstract

Sumbawa island is one of cattle centre in Indonesia characterized by grazing system. Most farmers practice integrated crop-livestock system with cattle and rice and or maize being the most common commodities. This paper provided understanding on communal grazing system in Sumbawa, its potency as a source of calves and its opportunity and challenges for improvement. A study was conducted from 2018 to 2019 for three largest communal grazing areas in Sumbawa Island, Lar Badi, Gili Rakit and Doro Ncanga, respectively. Most cattle live on grazing land during the harvest season and return to the village after harvest to graze the remaining crops. Herds were dominated by cows, calves, and young bulls. Despite being a potential source of calves and hign in carrying capacity, these areas have common problems such as lack of feed and high calf mortality. At the same time, crop residue available abundantly nearby, yet underutilized due to the labour, transporting cost, and lack of the knowledge. It is concluded that communal grazing areas plays a significant role as calves and feeder producing centre in the dry island of Sumbawa. However, the farmer’s awareness and capacity need to be improved for better management to solve the problems and good pasture management in the communal grazing.

Pulau Sumbawa merupakan salah satu sumber sapi nasional dimana petani umumnya menerapkan system integrasi tanaman pakan – ternak sebagai sumberpendapatan.Produktivitas sapi yang rendah di wilayah ini sudah tercatat dalam beberapa studi.Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi peluang dan tantangan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas sapi di wilayah Sumbawa yang beriklim kering dengan melihat berbagai system pemeliharaan yang sudah ada.Sebuah studi kasus telah dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Sumbawa pada tahun 2015.Data kualitatif dan kuantitatif dikumpulkan menggunakan metode FGD, wawancara mendalam, dan observasi lapangan.Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa ada dua system pemeliharaan sapi di Sumbawa yang memberikan produktivitas dan pendapatan berbeda bagi petani.System tersebut adalah system ‘lar” ekstensif di daerah padangan umum dan pribadi bisanya untuk tujuan pembiakan, dan system potong – dan – bawa pakan yang intensif umumnya untuk tujuan penggemukan menggunakan pakan lamtoro. Kelebihan kapasitas telah menjadi permasalahan utama pada system lar yang mengakibatkan produktivitas rendah. Akantetapi, tidak banyak yang telah dilakukan oleh petani untuk mengatasinya karena mereka beranggapan hal tersebut bukanlah sebuah masalah. Di sisi lain, ada potensi yang besar untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut dengan memanfaatkan sisa tanaman jagung yang tersedia melimpah setiap tahun. Sementara itu, system penggemukan yang intensif menggunakan pakan lamtoro telah memberikan pendapatan yang signifikan bagi petani (sekitar Rp. 500.000/ekor/bulan). Tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa secara sosial budaya, system lar memiliki peluang untuk pengembangan sapi di Sumbawa. Akan tetapi tantangan utamanya adalah mencukupi pakan yang berkualitas serta penyadaran petani untuk merubah perilaku dalam penyediaan pakan bagi ternaknya.

West Nusa Tenggara or Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) Province is one of the centres of beef cattle production in Indonesia. There has few studies that concern with population trends and improvement opportunities. This research aimed at determining the Gross and Net increase of beef cattle population during 5 years of period (2014-2018) in NTB and its development prospects. The data was collected through desk study, then analysed descriptively using a qualitative approach to provide an overview of the cattle population in NTB and its development opportunities. The results showed that from 2014 to 2018, the increase in Gross and Net population growth was in line with the National Beef Self-Sufficiency Program. The development opportunities are heading to Sumbawa Island considering the land potential, the utilization of the remaining agricultural crops, and the use of Lamtoro tree legume as the source of protein feed.

Farmer group institutions have been being a target group for various innovations in the agricultural development program. Unfortunately, the aspect of their institutional system is getting ignored frequently. This study aimed to know the farmer group institution performance’s determinant factors and its effect on the agricultural innovation implementation sustainability. This was a longitudinal study using a qualitative approach involving ten farmer group institutions (mixed crop-livestock farming) done in Lombok island. The study showed that farmer groups with a good institutional system relatively performed a high level of sustainable innovation implementation in comparison with the group with a poor institutional system. There were four key factors affected the performance and the farmer group institution’s achievement: (1) strong leadership; (2) transparency; (3) regular group meeting; (4) and cash generating factor. The study also showed that farmer group institution which didn’t have those key factors tended to use the farmer group institution only to complete their physical need (impounded cows for security reason). It rarely uses to empower its group members. These conditions slowly could be developed as an individualistic treat on each group member that prevents the sustainable innovation implementation in the future. The agricultural innovation on this type of group usually only implemented in a short amount of time. Therefore, guidance for a good institutional system in a farmer group institution is required to be conducted to achieve a sustainable and comprehensive agricultural innovation implementation. Some strategies could be used to develop the four key factors to form a good institutional system in the farmer group institution.