This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of students' perception scales about online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesian culture. This study involved 176 students (Male = 54% and Female = 46%) at the junior and senior high school levels from public schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The age of the respondents ranged from 11 to 17 years, with a mean of 13.5 years and a standard deviation of 1.4 years. The online learning perception scale adopts 16 items developed by Bhagat and colleagues. The psychometric properties of the scale were evaluated based on the reliability of the person and item, the suitability of the Rasch model, the functionality of using a 5-point rating scale, and its unidimensionality. The analysis results show that the scale has good consistency and performance in the Indonesian context. Sixteen items are a good fit for the model and are unidimensional. The 4-point Likert rating scale is more effective than the original 5-point rating scale. So, 16 items in POSTOL have adequate psychometric properties to be used on students in Indonesia.

This study was conducted to develop and to test the acceptability of a developed game-based assessment kit for the topic of light and optic in Form 1 Science. The study utilized developmental research design with quantitative survey approach and ADDIE model. 30 trainee teachers were randomly selected from the seventh semester of the Physics program. The instruments used in this study were validity forms and acceptability questionnaire. Statistical packages for Social Science Version 26 (SPSS) software was used to determine the value of Alpha Cronbach reliability coefficient while the acceptability level of kit was analyzed to obtain the mean score value. The validity of this developed game-based assessment kit was analyzed descriptively in percentage of expert’s agreement. Results show the face validity value of the developed instrument is 92.0% while the content validity is 89.0% and this instrument had reliability coefficient value of 0.936. On the other hand, the developed game-based assessment kit has a face validity value of 89.9% and content validity value of 92.7% while overall mean score of the trainee teachers’ perception of kit’s acceptability is 4.66 which consists of the Design = 4.6, Content = 4.64 and Uses = 4.73. As conclusion, this developed kit has good face and content validity as well as strong acceptance value among the trainee teachers. This kit was hoped to help as aid to the teaching and learning in Form 1 Light and Optic topic.

62Context: Pre-exercise nutrient availability alters acute metabolic responses to 63 exercise, which could modulate training responsiveness. We hypothesised that in 64 men with overweight/obesity, acute exercise before versus after nutrient ingestion 65 would increase whole-body and intramuscular lipid utilization, translating into greater 66 increases in oral glucose insulin sensitivity over 6-weeks of training. 67 Design and Participants:We showed in men with overweight/obesity (mean±SD 68 for BMI: 30.2±3.5 kg×m -2 for acute, crossover study, 30.9±4.5 kg×m -2 for randomized, 69 controlled, training study) a single exercise bout before versus after nutrient 70 provision increased lipid utilisation at the whole-body level, but also in both type I 71 (p<0.01) and type II muscle fibres (p=0.02). We then used a 6-week training 72 intervention to show sustained, 2-fold increases in lipid utilisation with exercise 73 before versus after nutrient provision (p<0.01). 74Main Outcome Measures: Postprandial glycemia was not differentially affected by 75 exercise training before vs after nutrient provision (p>0.05), yet plasma was reduced 76 with exercise training before, but not after nutrient provision (p=0.03), resulting in 77 increased oral glucose insulin sensitivity when training was performed before versus 78 after nutrient provision (25±38 vs -21±32 mL×min -1 ×m -2 ; p=0.01) and this was 79 associated with increased lipid utilisation during exercise (r=0.50, p=0.02). Regular 80 exercise prior to nutrient provision augmented remodelling of skeletal muscle 81 phospholipids and protein content of the glucose transport protein GLUT4 (p<0.05). 82 Conclusions: Experiments investigating exercise training and metabolic health 83 should consider nutrient-exercise timing, and exercise performed before versus after 84 nutrient intake (i.e., in the fasted state) may exert beneficial effects on lipid utilisation 85 and reduce postprandial insulinemia.86 Page 5 of 57 Précis 87 Exercise in the fasted-versus fed-state increased intramuscular and whole-body 88 lipid use, translating into increased muscle adaptation and insulin sensitivity when 89 regularly performed over 6 weeks. 91 Postprandial hyperinsulinemia and associated peripheral insulin resistance are key 92 drivers of metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular 93 disease (1-3). Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle are independently associated with 94 changes in skeletal muscle that can reduce insulin sensitivity (4,5) and increase 95 hyperinsulinemia, contributing to elevated cardiovascular disease risk (2). Therefore, 96 increasing insulin sensitivity and reducing postprandial insulinemia are important 97 targets for interventions to reduce the risk of metabolic disease. 98 99 Regular exercise training represents a potent strategy to increase peripheral insulin 100 sensitivity and to reduce postprandial insulinemia (6). The beneficial effects of 101 exercise on oral glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity can be attributed to both an 102 'ac...