The Type-II Japanese Conocephalum conicum, which is known to have (+)-bornyl acetate as a marker compound, was put in the stressed condition to start biosynthesis of a phenyl propanoid, trans-methyl cinnamate. Analysis of the HS-SPME GC/MS of stressed C. conicum showed trans-methyl cinnamate as a major component. This phenomenon results in some confusion from the chemotype perspective since trans-methyl cinnamate is only present in type-III Japanese C. conicum.

Microbial transformation of chalcone (1), 4-hydroxychalcone (2) and 4'-hydroxychalcone (3), 1,1-diphenylmethane (4), 1,3-diphenylacetone (5), 1,3diphenylpropane (6), bibenzyl (7), (E)-stilbene (8a)-and (Z)-stilbenes (8b), and phenylcyclohexane (9), (1R,2S)-1-phenyl-2-hydroxycyclohexane (9a) and (1S,2R)-1-phenyl-2-hydroxycyclohexane (9b), and a naturally occurring bis-bibenzyl, marchantin A (10) were performed by using Aspergillus niger TBUYN-2 and the other Aspergillus strains, and Neurospora crassa which were capable to hydrogenation and epoxidation of a conjugated double bond, and direct hydroxylation and hydroperoxidation on benzene ring, and hydroxylation and carbonization on cyclohexane ring. Aspergillus species converted chalcone (1) to dihydrochalcone (1a) almost quantitatively.

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